Technical elements in monumental crowns in Hadar
Hatra is located southwest of the city of Mosul, 10 km away. And it leads to it by branching from the right of the main street that goes to Baghdad. The urban land is fertile, rich in water produced by the fresh pomades that abound in this region, and from rainwater collected in the depressions. <...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | Arabic |
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University of Mosul, College of Arts
1977-08-01
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| Series: | آداب الرافدين |
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| Online Access: | https://radab.mosuljournals.com/article_166301_651a0f58244a84814b2a7c660f8a5b21.pdf |
| Summary: | Hatra is located southwest of the city of Mosul, 10 km away. And it leads to it by branching from the right of the main street that goes to Baghdad. The urban land is fertile, rich in water produced by the fresh pomades that abound in this region, and from rainwater collected in the depressions. <br />It is not known exactly when Hatra was built, and it is believed that it existed since the Assyrian period - in the late eighth century BC as a place where shepherds descended. Many factors helped its growth and prosperity, as it has a commercial location that controls the main routes for the transportation of goods coming from China and India to Asia Minor and Europe, then its commercial importance increased after the conquest of Alexander the Macedonian (21-21) BC to the countries of the Levant and the resulting increase. Roads and paths that forked from Babylon. Hatra had military significance when it took its position to defend the Parthians in Al-Mada'in against their Roman enemies, as happened during the reign of the Parthian king (Epiphir III) 69-57 BC. And his son (Rod II) 57-36 BC. The urban site provided an opportunity for its residents to contact other peoples, so the researchers called the city and cities similar to it in terms of the importance of the site the name "caravan cities." <br />And the assumption of the presence of Hatra in the late eighth century BC. M. It means contemporaneous with many incidents in Mesopotamia until its fall in the year (240 AD) at the hands of the Sasanian Persian king (Sabur the First). Among those incidents, the Arab tribes were able to cross the Euphrates River after the fall of Nineveh in 612 BC. And its penetration in the form of a large migration that extended north to Nusaybin and Diyar Bakr, so the northern regions located between the two rivers after the fall of Nineveh, about two centuries after the fall of Nineveh, were known by the name Arabaya, relative to the Arabs. Its glory during the first three centuries AD, and we can observe different cultural influences on this city, and we can trace many cultural aspects of Hatra back to its origins in the Mesopotamian civilization, such as: building the iwan and square building that was familiar in ancient Iraq and the presence of composite names of names of gods known in Ancient Iraq, as some of the gods of Mesopotamia promised themselves by their names in this city, such as (Shamas) (and Narkal) (Nergal), (Bel) (Bel), (Nabu) (Na Bo), (Shahero) and (Shahero) and (Shamla) It is also noted that many of the decorative artistic elements in Hatra have their origins in the Mesopotamian civilization, such as: the triangle, the circle, the intersecting and intersecting circles, the plexus, the cross, the swastika, the snake, the eagle, the compound animals, the rose, the frond, vineyards and clusters of grapes This is in addition to the features of similarities between the religious beliefs that were common in this city and what was known in ancient Iraq. <br /> |
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| ISSN: | 0378-2867 2664-2506 |