Electric Vehicles—An Overview of Current Issues—Part 1—Environmental Impact, Source of Energy, Recycling, and Second Life of Battery
The rapid transition to electric-drive vehicles is taking place globally. Most automakers are adding electric models to their lineups to prepare for the new electric future. From the analysis of the automotive market, it is evident that there is a growing interest in such vehicles. They are expected...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/1/249 |
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| author | Marek Guzek Jerzy Jackowski Rafał S. Jurecki Emilia M. Szumska Piotr Zdanowicz Marcin Żmuda |
| author_facet | Marek Guzek Jerzy Jackowski Rafał S. Jurecki Emilia M. Szumska Piotr Zdanowicz Marcin Żmuda |
| author_sort | Marek Guzek |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The rapid transition to electric-drive vehicles is taking place globally. Most automakers are adding electric models to their lineups to prepare for the new electric future. From the analysis of the automotive market, it is evident that there is a growing interest in such vehicles. They are expected to account for half the models released after 2030. Electric-drive vehicles include battery-electric vehicles. As indicated in the research literature and emphasized by experts, electric vehicles (EVs) are supposed to be an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional vehicles. The rising number and variety of EVs contribute to a better understanding of their performance. With more EVs on the market, there are problems to be solved and challenges to overcome. This article is the first part of a two-article series reviewing the strengths and weaknesses of EVs. The article analyzes the environmental effects of EVs at each stage of their life cycle, compares large- and small-scale recycling methods, and explores the potential applications of second-life batteries. This article is an attempt to find out how environmentally friendly EVs are. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:08:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fe6f70d08ae14a6298af195fbd407ac5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:08:01Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-fe6f70d08ae14a6298af195fbd407ac52024-01-10T14:56:24ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732024-01-0117124910.3390/en17010249Electric Vehicles—An Overview of Current Issues—Part 1—Environmental Impact, Source of Energy, Recycling, and Second Life of BatteryMarek Guzek0Jerzy Jackowski1Rafał S. Jurecki2Emilia M. Szumska3Piotr Zdanowicz4Marcin Żmuda5Faculty of Transport, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Vehicles and Transportation, Military University of Technology (WAT), Street gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Automotive Engineering and Transport, Faculty of Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Kielce University of Technology, Ave. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 7, 25-314 Kielce, PolandDepartment of Automotive Engineering and Transport, Faculty of Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Kielce University of Technology, Ave. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 7, 25-314 Kielce, PolandFaculty of Transport, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Vehicles and Transportation, Military University of Technology (WAT), Street gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, PolandThe rapid transition to electric-drive vehicles is taking place globally. Most automakers are adding electric models to their lineups to prepare for the new electric future. From the analysis of the automotive market, it is evident that there is a growing interest in such vehicles. They are expected to account for half the models released after 2030. Electric-drive vehicles include battery-electric vehicles. As indicated in the research literature and emphasized by experts, electric vehicles (EVs) are supposed to be an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional vehicles. The rising number and variety of EVs contribute to a better understanding of their performance. With more EVs on the market, there are problems to be solved and challenges to overcome. This article is the first part of a two-article series reviewing the strengths and weaknesses of EVs. The article analyzes the environmental effects of EVs at each stage of their life cycle, compares large- and small-scale recycling methods, and explores the potential applications of second-life batteries. This article is an attempt to find out how environmentally friendly EVs are.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/1/249electric vehicleelectric driveEV safetyenvironment protectionsource of energyLCA |
| spellingShingle | Marek Guzek Jerzy Jackowski Rafał S. Jurecki Emilia M. Szumska Piotr Zdanowicz Marcin Żmuda Electric Vehicles—An Overview of Current Issues—Part 1—Environmental Impact, Source of Energy, Recycling, and Second Life of Battery Energies electric vehicle electric drive EV safety environment protection source of energy LCA |
| title | Electric Vehicles—An Overview of Current Issues—Part 1—Environmental Impact, Source of Energy, Recycling, and Second Life of Battery |
| title_full | Electric Vehicles—An Overview of Current Issues—Part 1—Environmental Impact, Source of Energy, Recycling, and Second Life of Battery |
| title_fullStr | Electric Vehicles—An Overview of Current Issues—Part 1—Environmental Impact, Source of Energy, Recycling, and Second Life of Battery |
| title_full_unstemmed | Electric Vehicles—An Overview of Current Issues—Part 1—Environmental Impact, Source of Energy, Recycling, and Second Life of Battery |
| title_short | Electric Vehicles—An Overview of Current Issues—Part 1—Environmental Impact, Source of Energy, Recycling, and Second Life of Battery |
| title_sort | electric vehicles an overview of current issues part 1 environmental impact source of energy recycling and second life of battery |
| topic | electric vehicle electric drive EV safety environment protection source of energy LCA |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/1/249 |
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