A Hybrid Cladding Ring-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers for OAM Transmission with Weak Spin–Orbit Coupling and Strong Bending Resistance
A hybrid cladding ring-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) for transmitting orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes is proposed, which breaks the circular symmetry of the fiber structure to suppress the spin–orbit coupling and promotes bending resistance. Through the optimization of fiber structure param...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Photonics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/10/4/352 |
| _version_ | 1797603851796217856 |
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| author | Hu Zhang Songke Fang Jiaqi Wang Haixia Feng Hui Li Dong Wan Xiaoguang Zhang Lixia Xi |
| author_facet | Hu Zhang Songke Fang Jiaqi Wang Haixia Feng Hui Li Dong Wan Xiaoguang Zhang Lixia Xi |
| author_sort | Hu Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A hybrid cladding ring-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) for transmitting orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes is proposed, which breaks the circular symmetry of the fiber structure to suppress the spin–orbit coupling and promotes bending resistance. Through the optimization of fiber structure parameters, the designed fiber can support 22 OAM modes (6 OAM mode groups) over a 200-nm wide bandwidth (covering the whole C + L band) with large effective refractive index separation between adjacent modes (>10<sup>−4</sup>) and mode groups (>3.6 × 10<sup>−3</sup>), low confinement losses (<3.5 × 10<sup>−9</sup> dB/m), and high mode purity (>98.3%). Meanwhile, the phase of the OAM modes varies periodically and uniformly with an increase in the azimuth angle, and the polarization of OAM modes maintain nearly circular polarization in the designed fiber, which also demonstrates that the fiber has weak spin–orbit coupling. Moreover, the confinement losses of all vector modes are less than 10<sup>−7</sup> dB/m when the bending radius is larger than 0.8 mm, indicating strong bending resistance. Furthermore, the fiber also exhibits large differential group delay, relatively low and flat dispersion, and low nonlinear coefficients (<2.0 W<sup>−1</sup>/km). Therefore, the novel fiber structure has great potential in the application of mode division multiplexing (MDM) based on OAM modes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:37:52Z |
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| id | doaj.art-fe7995dc3d4749c3a3722ae9669679cc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-6732 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:37:52Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Photonics |
| spelling | doaj.art-fe7995dc3d4749c3a3722ae9669679cc2023-11-17T20:56:50ZengMDPI AGPhotonics2304-67322023-03-0110435210.3390/photonics10040352A Hybrid Cladding Ring-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers for OAM Transmission with Weak Spin–Orbit Coupling and Strong Bending ResistanceHu Zhang0Songke Fang1Jiaqi Wang2Haixia Feng3Hui Li4Dong Wan5Xiaoguang Zhang6Lixia Xi7State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, ChinaBeijing Smart-Chip Microelectronics Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 102200, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, ChinaA hybrid cladding ring-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) for transmitting orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes is proposed, which breaks the circular symmetry of the fiber structure to suppress the spin–orbit coupling and promotes bending resistance. Through the optimization of fiber structure parameters, the designed fiber can support 22 OAM modes (6 OAM mode groups) over a 200-nm wide bandwidth (covering the whole C + L band) with large effective refractive index separation between adjacent modes (>10<sup>−4</sup>) and mode groups (>3.6 × 10<sup>−3</sup>), low confinement losses (<3.5 × 10<sup>−9</sup> dB/m), and high mode purity (>98.3%). Meanwhile, the phase of the OAM modes varies periodically and uniformly with an increase in the azimuth angle, and the polarization of OAM modes maintain nearly circular polarization in the designed fiber, which also demonstrates that the fiber has weak spin–orbit coupling. Moreover, the confinement losses of all vector modes are less than 10<sup>−7</sup> dB/m when the bending radius is larger than 0.8 mm, indicating strong bending resistance. Furthermore, the fiber also exhibits large differential group delay, relatively low and flat dispersion, and low nonlinear coefficients (<2.0 W<sup>−1</sup>/km). Therefore, the novel fiber structure has great potential in the application of mode division multiplexing (MDM) based on OAM modes.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/10/4/352mode division multiplexingfiber design and fabricationorbital angular momentumphotonic crystal fibersspin–orbital coupling |
| spellingShingle | Hu Zhang Songke Fang Jiaqi Wang Haixia Feng Hui Li Dong Wan Xiaoguang Zhang Lixia Xi A Hybrid Cladding Ring-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers for OAM Transmission with Weak Spin–Orbit Coupling and Strong Bending Resistance Photonics mode division multiplexing fiber design and fabrication orbital angular momentum photonic crystal fibers spin–orbital coupling |
| title | A Hybrid Cladding Ring-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers for OAM Transmission with Weak Spin–Orbit Coupling and Strong Bending Resistance |
| title_full | A Hybrid Cladding Ring-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers for OAM Transmission with Weak Spin–Orbit Coupling and Strong Bending Resistance |
| title_fullStr | A Hybrid Cladding Ring-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers for OAM Transmission with Weak Spin–Orbit Coupling and Strong Bending Resistance |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Hybrid Cladding Ring-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers for OAM Transmission with Weak Spin–Orbit Coupling and Strong Bending Resistance |
| title_short | A Hybrid Cladding Ring-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers for OAM Transmission with Weak Spin–Orbit Coupling and Strong Bending Resistance |
| title_sort | hybrid cladding ring core photonic crystal fibers for oam transmission with weak spin orbit coupling and strong bending resistance |
| topic | mode division multiplexing fiber design and fabrication orbital angular momentum photonic crystal fibers spin–orbital coupling |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/10/4/352 |
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