Opportunities for Improving Waterlogging Tolerance in Cereal Crops—Physiological Traits and Genetic Mechanisms

Waterlogging occurs when soil is saturated with water, leading to anaerobic conditions in the root zone of plants. Climate change is increasing the frequency of waterlogging events, resulting in considerable crop losses. Plants respond to waterlogging stress by adventitious root growth, aerenchyma f...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Cen Tong, Camilla Beate Hill, Gaofeng Zhou, Xiao-Qi Zhang, Yong Jia, Chengdao Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-07-01
Series:Plants
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/8/1560
Description
Summary:Waterlogging occurs when soil is saturated with water, leading to anaerobic conditions in the root zone of plants. Climate change is increasing the frequency of waterlogging events, resulting in considerable crop losses. Plants respond to waterlogging stress by adventitious root growth, aerenchyma formation, energy metabolism, and phytohormone signalling. Genotypes differ in biomass reduction, photosynthesis rate, adventitious roots development, and aerenchyma formation in response to waterlogging. We reviewed the detrimental effects of waterlogging on physiological and genetic mechanisms in four major cereal crops (rice, maize, wheat, and barley). The review covers current knowledge on waterlogging tolerance mechanism, genes, and quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with waterlogging tolerance-related traits, the conventional and modern breeding methods used in developing waterlogging tolerant germplasm. Lastly, we describe candidate genes controlling waterlogging tolerance identified in model plants <i>Arabidopsis</i> and rice to identify homologous genes in the less waterlogging-tolerant maize, wheat, and barley.
ISSN:2223-7747