The Effect of Anodization on the Mechanical Properties of AA6061 Produced by Additive Friction Stir-Deposition
This paper examines the impact of oxide coatings on the surfaces of feedstock material used for Additive Friction Stir-Deposition (AFS-D). The AFS-D is a solid-state additive manufacturing process that uses severe plastic deformation and frictional heating to build bulk depositions from either metal...
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Metals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/11/1773 |
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| author | Ning Zhu Dustin Z. Avery Ben A. Rutherford Brandon J. Phillips Paul G. Allison J. Brian Jordon Luke N. Brewer |
| author_facet | Ning Zhu Dustin Z. Avery Ben A. Rutherford Brandon J. Phillips Paul G. Allison J. Brian Jordon Luke N. Brewer |
| author_sort | Ning Zhu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper examines the impact of oxide coatings on the surfaces of feedstock material used for Additive Friction Stir-Deposition (AFS-D). The AFS-D is a solid-state additive manufacturing process that uses severe plastic deformation and frictional heating to build bulk depositions from either metallic rod or powder feedstock. Since aluminum alloys naturally form an oxide layer, it is important to determine the influence of the feedstock surface oxide layer on the resultant as-deposited microstructure and mechanical properties. In this study, three AA6061 square-rod feedstock materials were used, each with a different thickness of aluminum oxide coating: non-anodized, 10-micron thick, and 68-micron thick. Macroscale depositions were produced with these feedstock rods using the AFS-D process. Optical and electron microscopy showed that the two oxide coatings applied through anodization were efficiently dispersed during the AFS-D process, with oxide particles distributed throughout the microstructure. These oxide particles had median sizes of 1.8 and 3 μm<sup>2</sup>, respectively. The yield and tensile strengths of these materials were not measurably impacted by the thickness of the starting oxide coating. While all three feedstock material variations failed by ductile rupture, the elongation-to-failure did decrease from 68% to 55% in the longitudinal direction and from 60% to 43% in the build direction for the thickest initial oxide coating, 68 microns. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:17:20Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:17:20Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metals |
| spelling | doaj.art-fe7e03cac7dd4634b90cb2381565b5052023-11-23T00:23:23ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012021-11-011111177310.3390/met11111773The Effect of Anodization on the Mechanical Properties of AA6061 Produced by Additive Friction Stir-DepositionNing Zhu0Dustin Z. Avery1Ben A. Rutherford2Brandon J. Phillips3Paul G. Allison4J. Brian Jordon5Luke N. Brewer6Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USADepartment of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USADepartment of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USADepartment of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USADepartment of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USADepartment of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USADepartment of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USAThis paper examines the impact of oxide coatings on the surfaces of feedstock material used for Additive Friction Stir-Deposition (AFS-D). The AFS-D is a solid-state additive manufacturing process that uses severe plastic deformation and frictional heating to build bulk depositions from either metallic rod or powder feedstock. Since aluminum alloys naturally form an oxide layer, it is important to determine the influence of the feedstock surface oxide layer on the resultant as-deposited microstructure and mechanical properties. In this study, three AA6061 square-rod feedstock materials were used, each with a different thickness of aluminum oxide coating: non-anodized, 10-micron thick, and 68-micron thick. Macroscale depositions were produced with these feedstock rods using the AFS-D process. Optical and electron microscopy showed that the two oxide coatings applied through anodization were efficiently dispersed during the AFS-D process, with oxide particles distributed throughout the microstructure. These oxide particles had median sizes of 1.8 and 3 μm<sup>2</sup>, respectively. The yield and tensile strengths of these materials were not measurably impacted by the thickness of the starting oxide coating. While all three feedstock material variations failed by ductile rupture, the elongation-to-failure did decrease from 68% to 55% in the longitudinal direction and from 60% to 43% in the build direction for the thickest initial oxide coating, 68 microns.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/11/1773additive manufacturingfriction stirAMCMMCAA6061alumina |
| spellingShingle | Ning Zhu Dustin Z. Avery Ben A. Rutherford Brandon J. Phillips Paul G. Allison J. Brian Jordon Luke N. Brewer The Effect of Anodization on the Mechanical Properties of AA6061 Produced by Additive Friction Stir-Deposition Metals additive manufacturing friction stir AMC MMC AA6061 alumina |
| title | The Effect of Anodization on the Mechanical Properties of AA6061 Produced by Additive Friction Stir-Deposition |
| title_full | The Effect of Anodization on the Mechanical Properties of AA6061 Produced by Additive Friction Stir-Deposition |
| title_fullStr | The Effect of Anodization on the Mechanical Properties of AA6061 Produced by Additive Friction Stir-Deposition |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effect of Anodization on the Mechanical Properties of AA6061 Produced by Additive Friction Stir-Deposition |
| title_short | The Effect of Anodization on the Mechanical Properties of AA6061 Produced by Additive Friction Stir-Deposition |
| title_sort | effect of anodization on the mechanical properties of aa6061 produced by additive friction stir deposition |
| topic | additive manufacturing friction stir AMC MMC AA6061 alumina |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/11/1773 |
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