The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) can deteriorate vaccination efficacy against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) at subtoxic levels
Abstract Background Feedgrain contamination with mycotoxins, including deoxynivalenol (DON, “vomitoxin”) is relatively frequently encountered. Pigs are particularly sensitive to the toxicity of DON. To assess the interplay between DON and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV),...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Porcine Health Management |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40813-022-00254-1 |
| _version_ | 1818772489998696448 |
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| author | Antje Rückner Lisa Plagge Kristin Heenemann Maxi Harzer Bastian Thaa Janine Winkler Sven Dänicke Johannes Kauffold Thomas W. Vahlenkamp |
| author_facet | Antje Rückner Lisa Plagge Kristin Heenemann Maxi Harzer Bastian Thaa Janine Winkler Sven Dänicke Johannes Kauffold Thomas W. Vahlenkamp |
| author_sort | Antje Rückner |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Feedgrain contamination with mycotoxins, including deoxynivalenol (DON, “vomitoxin”) is relatively frequently encountered. Pigs are particularly sensitive to the toxicity of DON. To assess the interplay between DON and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), we performed an experimental DON exposure–PRRSV vaccination–challenge infection trial. Three-week-old piglets were divided into four groups. Groups I, II and III (10 animals/group) were vaccinated with a PRRSV modified live vaccine and 2 weeks later challenged with a heterologous field strain. While group I was not supplemented with DON, animals in groups II and III received DON for 4 weeks prior to challenge infection at levels that can be encountered in pig feed, employing a low-dose or high-dose regime (group II: 40 µg DON/kg body weight per day; group III: 80 µg DON/kg body weight per day, corresponding to approx. 1 or 2 mg DON/kg feed, respectively). Eight animals (group IV; unvaccinated, not DON exposed) served as control animals for the challenge infection. Results We assessed clinical signs, virus load in serum and various organs as well as antibody titres in the animals. All vaccinated animals mounted an efficient PRRSV-specific antibody response within 2 weeks, except for 20% of the animals receiving the higher DON dose. Upon virus challenge, the vaccinated animals in group I were protected from clinical signs. Vaccinated DON-exposed animals in group II and III were protected from clinical signs to a lesser extent. Clinical signs in group III receiving the higher dose of DON were as severe as in the (unvaccinated, not DON exposed) control group IV. The animals of group III also displayed lower antibody titres compared with the animals in group I and II. Conclusions The experimental vaccination/challenge study therefore revealed that exposure of pigs to DON for a period of 4 weeks deteriorates the efficacy of vaccination against clinical signs of PRRS. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-18T10:10:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fe841af347fb47b1af3b7d2d6fa637e9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2055-5660 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-18T10:10:11Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Porcine Health Management |
| spelling | doaj.art-fe841af347fb47b1af3b7d2d6fa637e92022-12-21T21:11:27ZengBMCPorcine Health Management2055-56602022-03-018111310.1186/s40813-022-00254-1The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) can deteriorate vaccination efficacy against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) at subtoxic levelsAntje Rückner0Lisa Plagge1Kristin Heenemann2Maxi Harzer3Bastian Thaa4Janine Winkler5Sven Dänicke6Johannes Kauffold7Thomas W. Vahlenkamp8Centre for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of LeipzigCentre for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of LeipzigCentre for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of LeipzigCentre for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of LeipzigCentre for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of LeipzigInstitute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich Loeffler Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal HealthInstitute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich Loeffler Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal HealthClinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of LeipzigCentre for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of LeipzigAbstract Background Feedgrain contamination with mycotoxins, including deoxynivalenol (DON, “vomitoxin”) is relatively frequently encountered. Pigs are particularly sensitive to the toxicity of DON. To assess the interplay between DON and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), we performed an experimental DON exposure–PRRSV vaccination–challenge infection trial. Three-week-old piglets were divided into four groups. Groups I, II and III (10 animals/group) were vaccinated with a PRRSV modified live vaccine and 2 weeks later challenged with a heterologous field strain. While group I was not supplemented with DON, animals in groups II and III received DON for 4 weeks prior to challenge infection at levels that can be encountered in pig feed, employing a low-dose or high-dose regime (group II: 40 µg DON/kg body weight per day; group III: 80 µg DON/kg body weight per day, corresponding to approx. 1 or 2 mg DON/kg feed, respectively). Eight animals (group IV; unvaccinated, not DON exposed) served as control animals for the challenge infection. Results We assessed clinical signs, virus load in serum and various organs as well as antibody titres in the animals. All vaccinated animals mounted an efficient PRRSV-specific antibody response within 2 weeks, except for 20% of the animals receiving the higher DON dose. Upon virus challenge, the vaccinated animals in group I were protected from clinical signs. Vaccinated DON-exposed animals in group II and III were protected from clinical signs to a lesser extent. Clinical signs in group III receiving the higher dose of DON were as severe as in the (unvaccinated, not DON exposed) control group IV. The animals of group III also displayed lower antibody titres compared with the animals in group I and II. Conclusions The experimental vaccination/challenge study therefore revealed that exposure of pigs to DON for a period of 4 weeks deteriorates the efficacy of vaccination against clinical signs of PRRS.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40813-022-00254-1Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virusArterivirusModified live vaccineDeoxynivalenolMycotoxinVaccination |
| spellingShingle | Antje Rückner Lisa Plagge Kristin Heenemann Maxi Harzer Bastian Thaa Janine Winkler Sven Dänicke Johannes Kauffold Thomas W. Vahlenkamp The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) can deteriorate vaccination efficacy against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) at subtoxic levels Porcine Health Management Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus Arterivirus Modified live vaccine Deoxynivalenol Mycotoxin Vaccination |
| title | The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) can deteriorate vaccination efficacy against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) at subtoxic levels |
| title_full | The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) can deteriorate vaccination efficacy against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) at subtoxic levels |
| title_fullStr | The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) can deteriorate vaccination efficacy against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) at subtoxic levels |
| title_full_unstemmed | The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) can deteriorate vaccination efficacy against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) at subtoxic levels |
| title_short | The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) can deteriorate vaccination efficacy against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) at subtoxic levels |
| title_sort | mycotoxin deoxynivalenol don can deteriorate vaccination efficacy against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus prrsv at subtoxic levels |
| topic | Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus Arterivirus Modified live vaccine Deoxynivalenol Mycotoxin Vaccination |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40813-022-00254-1 |
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