| Summary: | Anthracnose is a disease caused by <i>Colletotrichum</i> species. They are well known as major plant pathogens, and a black stem disease, specifically caused by <i>Colletotrichum truncatum</i> and primarily infecting sword bean (<i>Canavalia gladiata</i>), was observed in the Yunnan province, China. To aid disease management and to determine pathogenic characteristics, the species causing the leaf spot disease of hairy vetch was verified as <i>C. truncatum</i>. A sequence analysis of the ITS, ACT, GAPDH, and HIS3 genes was conducted, as well as morphological and cultural characteristics, to identify this <i>Colletotrichum</i> species, which has curved conidia. <i>C. truncatum</i> isolates from sword bean formed a distinctive group among <i>Colletotrichum</i> species, including those that infect other forage and field crops. Artificially inoculated sword bean seedlings showed typical symptoms of anthracnose, which were similar to field observations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of <i>C. truncatum</i> causing black stem disease on sword beans in China.
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