Multifaceted Tissue-Protective Functions of Polyvalent Immunoglobulin Preparations in Severe Infections—Interactions with Neutrophils, Complement, and Coagulation Pathways
Severe infections induce immune defense mechanisms and initial tissue damage, which produce an inflammatory neutrophil response. Upon dysregulation of these responses, inflammation, further tissue damage, and systemic spread of the pathogen may occur. Subsequent vascular inflammation and activation...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/11/3022 |
| _version_ | 1797460088080826368 |
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| author | Carolin Schmidt Sabrina Weißmüller Corina C. Heinz |
| author_facet | Carolin Schmidt Sabrina Weißmüller Corina C. Heinz |
| author_sort | Carolin Schmidt |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Severe infections induce immune defense mechanisms and initial tissue damage, which produce an inflammatory neutrophil response. Upon dysregulation of these responses, inflammation, further tissue damage, and systemic spread of the pathogen may occur. Subsequent vascular inflammation and activation of coagulation processes may cause microvascular obstruction at sites distal to the primary site of infection. Low immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG levels have been detected in patients with severe infections like sCAP and sepsis, associated with increased severity and mortality. Based on Ig’s modes of action, supplementation with polyvalent intravenous Ig preparations (standard IVIg or IgM/IgA-enriched Ig preparations) has long been discussed as a treatment option for severe infections. A prerequisite seems to be the timely administration of Ig preparations before excessive tissue damage has occurred and coagulopathy has developed. This review focuses on nonclinical and clinical studies that evaluated tissue-protective activities resulting from interactions of Igs with neutrophils, complement, and the coagulation system. The data indicate that coagulopathy, organ failure, and even death of patients can possibly be prevented by the timely combined interactions of (natural) IgM, IgA, and IgG with neutrophils and complement. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:00:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fe97e381a43347b4a28529e1a00a02c5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:00:10Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-fe97e381a43347b4a28529e1a00a02c52023-11-24T14:31:12ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592023-11-011111302210.3390/biomedicines11113022Multifaceted Tissue-Protective Functions of Polyvalent Immunoglobulin Preparations in Severe Infections—Interactions with Neutrophils, Complement, and Coagulation PathwaysCarolin Schmidt0Sabrina Weißmüller1Corina C. Heinz2Department of Corporate Clinical Research and Development, Biotest AG, 63303 Dreieich, GermanyDepartment of Preclinical Research, Biotest AG, 63303 Dreieich, GermanyDepartment of Corporate Clinical Research and Development, Biotest AG, 63303 Dreieich, GermanySevere infections induce immune defense mechanisms and initial tissue damage, which produce an inflammatory neutrophil response. Upon dysregulation of these responses, inflammation, further tissue damage, and systemic spread of the pathogen may occur. Subsequent vascular inflammation and activation of coagulation processes may cause microvascular obstruction at sites distal to the primary site of infection. Low immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG levels have been detected in patients with severe infections like sCAP and sepsis, associated with increased severity and mortality. Based on Ig’s modes of action, supplementation with polyvalent intravenous Ig preparations (standard IVIg or IgM/IgA-enriched Ig preparations) has long been discussed as a treatment option for severe infections. A prerequisite seems to be the timely administration of Ig preparations before excessive tissue damage has occurred and coagulopathy has developed. This review focuses on nonclinical and clinical studies that evaluated tissue-protective activities resulting from interactions of Igs with neutrophils, complement, and the coagulation system. The data indicate that coagulopathy, organ failure, and even death of patients can possibly be prevented by the timely combined interactions of (natural) IgM, IgA, and IgG with neutrophils and complement.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/11/3022bacterial infectioncoagulationhuman polyvalent immunoglobulinsneutrophilssCAPsepsis |
| spellingShingle | Carolin Schmidt Sabrina Weißmüller Corina C. Heinz Multifaceted Tissue-Protective Functions of Polyvalent Immunoglobulin Preparations in Severe Infections—Interactions with Neutrophils, Complement, and Coagulation Pathways Biomedicines bacterial infection coagulation human polyvalent immunoglobulins neutrophils sCAP sepsis |
| title | Multifaceted Tissue-Protective Functions of Polyvalent Immunoglobulin Preparations in Severe Infections—Interactions with Neutrophils, Complement, and Coagulation Pathways |
| title_full | Multifaceted Tissue-Protective Functions of Polyvalent Immunoglobulin Preparations in Severe Infections—Interactions with Neutrophils, Complement, and Coagulation Pathways |
| title_fullStr | Multifaceted Tissue-Protective Functions of Polyvalent Immunoglobulin Preparations in Severe Infections—Interactions with Neutrophils, Complement, and Coagulation Pathways |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multifaceted Tissue-Protective Functions of Polyvalent Immunoglobulin Preparations in Severe Infections—Interactions with Neutrophils, Complement, and Coagulation Pathways |
| title_short | Multifaceted Tissue-Protective Functions of Polyvalent Immunoglobulin Preparations in Severe Infections—Interactions with Neutrophils, Complement, and Coagulation Pathways |
| title_sort | multifaceted tissue protective functions of polyvalent immunoglobulin preparations in severe infections interactions with neutrophils complement and coagulation pathways |
| topic | bacterial infection coagulation human polyvalent immunoglobulins neutrophils sCAP sepsis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/11/3022 |
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