Thyroid hormone sensitivity and diabetes onset: a longitudinal cross-lagged cohort
PurposeThyroid hormones sensitivity is a newly proposed clinical entity closely related with metabolic health. Prior studies have reported the cross-sectional relationship between thyroid hormones sensitivity and diabetes; however, the longitudinal association is unclear to date. We aimed to explore...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2023.1267612/full |
| _version_ | 1797659617793146880 |
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| author | Cancan Cui He Sui Zhijia Wang Te Zhang Jia Zheng Han Yan Qianyu Li Zhanhao Mo Lin Liu |
| author_facet | Cancan Cui He Sui Zhijia Wang Te Zhang Jia Zheng Han Yan Qianyu Li Zhanhao Mo Lin Liu |
| author_sort | Cancan Cui |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | PurposeThyroid hormones sensitivity is a newly proposed clinical entity closely related with metabolic health. Prior studies have reported the cross-sectional relationship between thyroid hormones sensitivity and diabetes; however, the longitudinal association is unclear to date. We aimed to explore the relationship between impaired thyroid hormone sensitivity at baseline and diabetes onset using a cohort design.MethodsThis study enrolled 7283 euthyroid participants at the first visit between 2008 and 2009, and then annually followed until diabetes onset or 2019. Thyrotropin (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) were measured to calculate thyroid hormone sensitivity by thyroid feedback quantile-based index (TFQI), Chinese-referenced parametric thyroid feedback quantile-based index (PTFQI), thyrotropin index (TSHI), thyrotroph thyroxine resistance index (TT4RI) and FT3/FT4 ratio. Cox proportional hazard model and cross-lagged panel analysis were used.ResultsThe mean baseline age was 44.2 ± 11.9 years, including 4170 (57.3%) male. During a median follow-up of 5.2 years, 359 cases developed diabetes. There was no significant association between thyroid hormones sensitivity indices and diabetes onset, and adjusted hazard ratios per unit (95% CIs) were 0.89 (0.65-1.23) for TFQI, 0.91 (0.57-1.45) for PTFQI, 0.95 (0.70-1.29) for TSHI, 0.98 (0.70-1.01) for TT4RI and 2.12 (0.17-5.78) for FT3/FT4 ratio. Cross-lagged analysis supported the temporal association from fasting glucose to impaired thyroid hormones sensitivity indices.ConclusionsOur findings could not demonstrate that thyroid hormones sensitivity status is a predictor of diabetes onset in the euthyroid population. Elevated fasting glucose (above 7.0 mmol/L) appeared to precede impaired sensitivity indices of thyroid hormones. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T18:17:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fe9a61da32fb43329a49935805d51eca |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-2392 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T18:17:44Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| spelling | doaj.art-fe9a61da32fb43329a49935805d51eca2023-10-16T05:57:06ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922023-10-011410.3389/fendo.2023.12676121267612Thyroid hormone sensitivity and diabetes onset: a longitudinal cross-lagged cohortCancan CuiHe SuiZhijia WangTe ZhangJia ZhengHan YanQianyu LiZhanhao MoLin LiuPurposeThyroid hormones sensitivity is a newly proposed clinical entity closely related with metabolic health. Prior studies have reported the cross-sectional relationship between thyroid hormones sensitivity and diabetes; however, the longitudinal association is unclear to date. We aimed to explore the relationship between impaired thyroid hormone sensitivity at baseline and diabetes onset using a cohort design.MethodsThis study enrolled 7283 euthyroid participants at the first visit between 2008 and 2009, and then annually followed until diabetes onset or 2019. Thyrotropin (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) were measured to calculate thyroid hormone sensitivity by thyroid feedback quantile-based index (TFQI), Chinese-referenced parametric thyroid feedback quantile-based index (PTFQI), thyrotropin index (TSHI), thyrotroph thyroxine resistance index (TT4RI) and FT3/FT4 ratio. Cox proportional hazard model and cross-lagged panel analysis were used.ResultsThe mean baseline age was 44.2 ± 11.9 years, including 4170 (57.3%) male. During a median follow-up of 5.2 years, 359 cases developed diabetes. There was no significant association between thyroid hormones sensitivity indices and diabetes onset, and adjusted hazard ratios per unit (95% CIs) were 0.89 (0.65-1.23) for TFQI, 0.91 (0.57-1.45) for PTFQI, 0.95 (0.70-1.29) for TSHI, 0.98 (0.70-1.01) for TT4RI and 2.12 (0.17-5.78) for FT3/FT4 ratio. Cross-lagged analysis supported the temporal association from fasting glucose to impaired thyroid hormones sensitivity indices.ConclusionsOur findings could not demonstrate that thyroid hormones sensitivity status is a predictor of diabetes onset in the euthyroid population. Elevated fasting glucose (above 7.0 mmol/L) appeared to precede impaired sensitivity indices of thyroid hormones.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2023.1267612/fullthyroid hormones sensitivitytype 2 diabetes onsetcross-lagged analysisTSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)free triiodothyronine (FT3)free thyroxine |
| spellingShingle | Cancan Cui He Sui Zhijia Wang Te Zhang Jia Zheng Han Yan Qianyu Li Zhanhao Mo Lin Liu Thyroid hormone sensitivity and diabetes onset: a longitudinal cross-lagged cohort Frontiers in Endocrinology thyroid hormones sensitivity type 2 diabetes onset cross-lagged analysis TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) free triiodothyronine (FT3) free thyroxine |
| title | Thyroid hormone sensitivity and diabetes onset: a longitudinal cross-lagged cohort |
| title_full | Thyroid hormone sensitivity and diabetes onset: a longitudinal cross-lagged cohort |
| title_fullStr | Thyroid hormone sensitivity and diabetes onset: a longitudinal cross-lagged cohort |
| title_full_unstemmed | Thyroid hormone sensitivity and diabetes onset: a longitudinal cross-lagged cohort |
| title_short | Thyroid hormone sensitivity and diabetes onset: a longitudinal cross-lagged cohort |
| title_sort | thyroid hormone sensitivity and diabetes onset a longitudinal cross lagged cohort |
| topic | thyroid hormones sensitivity type 2 diabetes onset cross-lagged analysis TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) free triiodothyronine (FT3) free thyroxine |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2023.1267612/full |
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