Oxidative Stress in the Tumor Microenvironment and Its Relevance to Cancer Immunotherapy
It has been well-established that cancer cells are under constant oxidative stress, as reflected by elevated basal level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), due to increased metabolism driven by aberrant cell growth. Cancer cells can adapt to maintain redox homeostasis through a variety of mechanisms....
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/5/986 |
| _version_ | 1797395064131944448 |
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| author | Nada S. Aboelella Caitlin Brandle Timothy Kim Zhi-Chun Ding Gang Zhou |
| author_facet | Nada S. Aboelella Caitlin Brandle Timothy Kim Zhi-Chun Ding Gang Zhou |
| author_sort | Nada S. Aboelella |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | It has been well-established that cancer cells are under constant oxidative stress, as reflected by elevated basal level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), due to increased metabolism driven by aberrant cell growth. Cancer cells can adapt to maintain redox homeostasis through a variety of mechanisms. The prevalent perception about ROS is that they are one of the key drivers promoting tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Based on this notion, numerous antioxidants that aim to mitigate tumor oxidative stress have been tested for cancer prevention or treatment, although the effectiveness of this strategy has yet to be established. In recent years, it has been increasingly appreciated that ROS have a complex, multifaceted role in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and that tumor redox can be targeted to amplify oxidative stress inside the tumor to cause tumor destruction. Accumulating evidence indicates that cancer immunotherapies can alter tumor redox to intensify tumor oxidative stress, resulting in ROS-dependent tumor rejection. Herein we review the recent progresses regarding the impact of ROS on cancer cells and various immune cells in the TME, and discuss the emerging ROS-modulating strategies that can be used in combination with cancer immunotherapies to achieve enhanced antitumor effects. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:28:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fe9c1d79abc44638bde7e36dab66306a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:28:59Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-fe9c1d79abc44638bde7e36dab66306a2023-12-11T18:39:54ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942021-02-0113598610.3390/cancers13050986Oxidative Stress in the Tumor Microenvironment and Its Relevance to Cancer ImmunotherapyNada S. Aboelella0Caitlin Brandle1Timothy Kim2Zhi-Chun Ding3Gang Zhou4Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USAGeorgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USAThe Center for Undergraduate Research and Scholarship, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USAGeorgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USAGeorgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USAIt has been well-established that cancer cells are under constant oxidative stress, as reflected by elevated basal level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), due to increased metabolism driven by aberrant cell growth. Cancer cells can adapt to maintain redox homeostasis through a variety of mechanisms. The prevalent perception about ROS is that they are one of the key drivers promoting tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Based on this notion, numerous antioxidants that aim to mitigate tumor oxidative stress have been tested for cancer prevention or treatment, although the effectiveness of this strategy has yet to be established. In recent years, it has been increasingly appreciated that ROS have a complex, multifaceted role in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and that tumor redox can be targeted to amplify oxidative stress inside the tumor to cause tumor destruction. Accumulating evidence indicates that cancer immunotherapies can alter tumor redox to intensify tumor oxidative stress, resulting in ROS-dependent tumor rejection. Herein we review the recent progresses regarding the impact of ROS on cancer cells and various immune cells in the TME, and discuss the emerging ROS-modulating strategies that can be used in combination with cancer immunotherapies to achieve enhanced antitumor effects.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/5/986oxidative stressreactive oxygen speciesimmunotherapytumor microenvironment |
| spellingShingle | Nada S. Aboelella Caitlin Brandle Timothy Kim Zhi-Chun Ding Gang Zhou Oxidative Stress in the Tumor Microenvironment and Its Relevance to Cancer Immunotherapy Cancers oxidative stress reactive oxygen species immunotherapy tumor microenvironment |
| title | Oxidative Stress in the Tumor Microenvironment and Its Relevance to Cancer Immunotherapy |
| title_full | Oxidative Stress in the Tumor Microenvironment and Its Relevance to Cancer Immunotherapy |
| title_fullStr | Oxidative Stress in the Tumor Microenvironment and Its Relevance to Cancer Immunotherapy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Oxidative Stress in the Tumor Microenvironment and Its Relevance to Cancer Immunotherapy |
| title_short | Oxidative Stress in the Tumor Microenvironment and Its Relevance to Cancer Immunotherapy |
| title_sort | oxidative stress in the tumor microenvironment and its relevance to cancer immunotherapy |
| topic | oxidative stress reactive oxygen species immunotherapy tumor microenvironment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/5/986 |
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