HIV-1 Low-Frequency Variants Identified in Antiretroviral-Naïve Subjects with Virologic Failure after 12 Months of Follow-Up in Panama
Low-frequency mutations associated with drug resistance have been related to virologic failure in subjects with no history of pre-treatment and recent HIV diagnosis. In total, 78 antiretroviral treatment (ART)-naïve subjects with a recent HIV diagnosis were selected and followed by CD4+ T lymphocyte...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-08-01
|
| Series: | Infectious Disease Reports |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7449/15/4/44 |
| _version_ | 1797584527525150720 |
|---|---|
| author | Ambar Moreno Claudia González Jessica Góndola Oris Chavarría Alma Ortiz Jorge Castillo Juan Castillo Mewa Juan Miguel Pascale Alexander Augusto Martínez |
| author_facet | Ambar Moreno Claudia González Jessica Góndola Oris Chavarría Alma Ortiz Jorge Castillo Juan Castillo Mewa Juan Miguel Pascale Alexander Augusto Martínez |
| author_sort | Ambar Moreno |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Low-frequency mutations associated with drug resistance have been related to virologic failure in subjects with no history of pre-treatment and recent HIV diagnosis. In total, 78 antiretroviral treatment (ART)-naïve subjects with a recent HIV diagnosis were selected and followed by CD4+ T lymphocytes and viral load tests to detect virologic failure. We sequenced the basal samples retrospectively using next-generation sequencing (NGS), looking for low-frequency mutations that had not been detected before using the Sanger sequencing method (SSM) and describing the response to ART. Twenty-two subjects developed virologic failure (VF), and thirteen of them had at least one drug-resistance mutation associated with Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (RTI) and Protease Inhibitors (PIs) at frequency levels ≤ 1%, not detected previously in their basal genotyping test. No resistance mutations were observed to Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (INSTIs). We identified a possible cause of VF in ART-naïve subjects with low-frequency mutations detected. To our knowledge, this is the first evaluation of pre-existing drug resistance for HIV-1 minority variants carried out on ART-naïve people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) by analyzing the HIV-1 <i>pol</i> gene using NGS in the country. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:53:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fea2d72742514cb0a9dba384ecbc2f85 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2036-7449 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:53:56Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Infectious Disease Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-fea2d72742514cb0a9dba384ecbc2f852023-11-19T01:23:24ZengMDPI AGInfectious Disease Reports2036-74492023-08-0115443644410.3390/idr15040044HIV-1 Low-Frequency Variants Identified in Antiretroviral-Naïve Subjects with Virologic Failure after 12 Months of Follow-Up in PanamaAmbar Moreno0Claudia González1Jessica Góndola2Oris Chavarría3Alma Ortiz4Jorge Castillo5Juan Castillo Mewa6Juan Miguel Pascale7Alexander Augusto Martínez8Department of Research in Genomics and Proteomics, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City 0816-02593, PanamaDepartment of Research in Genomics and Proteomics, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City 0816-02593, PanamaDepartment of Research in Genomics and Proteomics, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City 0816-02593, PanamaDepartment of Research in Genomics and Proteomics, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City 0816-02593, PanamaDepartment of Research in Genomics and Proteomics, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City 0816-02593, PanamaDepartment of Research in Genomics and Proteomics, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City 0816-02593, PanamaDepartment of Research in Genomics and Proteomics, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City 0816-02593, PanamaDepartment of Research in Genomics and Proteomics, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City 0816-02593, PanamaDepartment of Research in Genomics and Proteomics, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City 0816-02593, PanamaLow-frequency mutations associated with drug resistance have been related to virologic failure in subjects with no history of pre-treatment and recent HIV diagnosis. In total, 78 antiretroviral treatment (ART)-naïve subjects with a recent HIV diagnosis were selected and followed by CD4+ T lymphocytes and viral load tests to detect virologic failure. We sequenced the basal samples retrospectively using next-generation sequencing (NGS), looking for low-frequency mutations that had not been detected before using the Sanger sequencing method (SSM) and describing the response to ART. Twenty-two subjects developed virologic failure (VF), and thirteen of them had at least one drug-resistance mutation associated with Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (RTI) and Protease Inhibitors (PIs) at frequency levels ≤ 1%, not detected previously in their basal genotyping test. No resistance mutations were observed to Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (INSTIs). We identified a possible cause of VF in ART-naïve subjects with low-frequency mutations detected. To our knowledge, this is the first evaluation of pre-existing drug resistance for HIV-1 minority variants carried out on ART-naïve people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) by analyzing the HIV-1 <i>pol</i> gene using NGS in the country.https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7449/15/4/44HIV-1low-frequency variantsvirologic failurenext-generation sequencingdrug resistancePanama |
| spellingShingle | Ambar Moreno Claudia González Jessica Góndola Oris Chavarría Alma Ortiz Jorge Castillo Juan Castillo Mewa Juan Miguel Pascale Alexander Augusto Martínez HIV-1 Low-Frequency Variants Identified in Antiretroviral-Naïve Subjects with Virologic Failure after 12 Months of Follow-Up in Panama Infectious Disease Reports HIV-1 low-frequency variants virologic failure next-generation sequencing drug resistance Panama |
| title | HIV-1 Low-Frequency Variants Identified in Antiretroviral-Naïve Subjects with Virologic Failure after 12 Months of Follow-Up in Panama |
| title_full | HIV-1 Low-Frequency Variants Identified in Antiretroviral-Naïve Subjects with Virologic Failure after 12 Months of Follow-Up in Panama |
| title_fullStr | HIV-1 Low-Frequency Variants Identified in Antiretroviral-Naïve Subjects with Virologic Failure after 12 Months of Follow-Up in Panama |
| title_full_unstemmed | HIV-1 Low-Frequency Variants Identified in Antiretroviral-Naïve Subjects with Virologic Failure after 12 Months of Follow-Up in Panama |
| title_short | HIV-1 Low-Frequency Variants Identified in Antiretroviral-Naïve Subjects with Virologic Failure after 12 Months of Follow-Up in Panama |
| title_sort | hiv 1 low frequency variants identified in antiretroviral naive subjects with virologic failure after 12 months of follow up in panama |
| topic | HIV-1 low-frequency variants virologic failure next-generation sequencing drug resistance Panama |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7449/15/4/44 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ambarmoreno hiv1lowfrequencyvariantsidentifiedinantiretroviralnaivesubjectswithvirologicfailureafter12monthsoffollowupinpanama AT claudiagonzalez hiv1lowfrequencyvariantsidentifiedinantiretroviralnaivesubjectswithvirologicfailureafter12monthsoffollowupinpanama AT jessicagondola hiv1lowfrequencyvariantsidentifiedinantiretroviralnaivesubjectswithvirologicfailureafter12monthsoffollowupinpanama AT orischavarria hiv1lowfrequencyvariantsidentifiedinantiretroviralnaivesubjectswithvirologicfailureafter12monthsoffollowupinpanama AT almaortiz hiv1lowfrequencyvariantsidentifiedinantiretroviralnaivesubjectswithvirologicfailureafter12monthsoffollowupinpanama AT jorgecastillo hiv1lowfrequencyvariantsidentifiedinantiretroviralnaivesubjectswithvirologicfailureafter12monthsoffollowupinpanama AT juancastillomewa hiv1lowfrequencyvariantsidentifiedinantiretroviralnaivesubjectswithvirologicfailureafter12monthsoffollowupinpanama AT juanmiguelpascale hiv1lowfrequencyvariantsidentifiedinantiretroviralnaivesubjectswithvirologicfailureafter12monthsoffollowupinpanama AT alexanderaugustomartinez hiv1lowfrequencyvariantsidentifiedinantiretroviralnaivesubjectswithvirologicfailureafter12monthsoffollowupinpanama |