Robust Reconstruction of Electrocardiogram Using Photoplethysmography: A Subject-Based Model
Electrocardiography and photoplethysmography are non-invasive techniques that measure signals from the cardiovascular system. While the cycles of the two measurements are highly correlated, the correlation between the waveforms has rarely been studied. Measuring the photoplethysmogram (PPG) is much...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Physiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2022.859763/full |
| _version_ | 1818047173372149760 |
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| author | Qunfeng Tang Qunfeng Tang Zhencheng Chen Yanke Guo Yongbo Liang Rabab Ward Carlo Menon Mohamed Elgendi Mohamed Elgendi |
| author_facet | Qunfeng Tang Qunfeng Tang Zhencheng Chen Yanke Guo Yongbo Liang Rabab Ward Carlo Menon Mohamed Elgendi Mohamed Elgendi |
| author_sort | Qunfeng Tang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Electrocardiography and photoplethysmography are non-invasive techniques that measure signals from the cardiovascular system. While the cycles of the two measurements are highly correlated, the correlation between the waveforms has rarely been studied. Measuring the photoplethysmogram (PPG) is much easier and more convenient than the electrocardiogram (ECG). Recent research has shown that PPG can be used to reconstruct the ECG, indicating that practitioners can gain a deep understanding of the patients’ cardiovascular health using two physiological signals (PPG and ECG) while measuring only PPG. This study proposes a subject-based deep learning model that reconstructs an ECG using a PPG and is based on the bidirectional long short-term memory model. Because the ECG waveform may vary from subject to subject, this model is subject-specific. The model was tested using 100 records from the MIMIC III database. Of these records, 50 had a circulatory disease. The results show that a long ECG signal could be effectively reconstructed from PPG, which is, to our knowledge, the first attempt in this field. A length of 228 s of ECG was constructed by the model, which was trained and validated using 60 s of PPG and ECG signals. To segment the data, a different approach that segments the data into short time segments of equal length (and that do not rely on beats and beat detection) was investigated. Segmenting the PPG and ECG time series data into equal segments of 1-min width gave the optimal results. This resulted in a high Pearson’s correlation coefficient between the reconstructed 228 s of ECG and referenced ECG of 0.818, while the root mean square error was only 0.083 mV, and the dynamic time warping distance was 2.12 mV per second on average. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T10:01:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fea71c5a9b3f4bdfbae236fd6e8aeb02 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-042X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T10:01:35Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Physiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-fea71c5a9b3f4bdfbae236fd6e8aeb022022-12-22T01:53:20ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2022-04-011310.3389/fphys.2022.859763859763Robust Reconstruction of Electrocardiogram Using Photoplethysmography: A Subject-Based ModelQunfeng Tang0Qunfeng Tang1Zhencheng Chen2Yanke Guo3Yongbo Liang4Rabab Ward5Carlo Menon6Mohamed Elgendi7Mohamed Elgendi8School of Electronic Engineering and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, ChinaDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CanadaSchool of Electronic Engineering and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, ChinaSchool of Electronic Engineering and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, ChinaSchool of Electronic Engineering and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, ChinaDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CanadaBiomedical and Mobile Health Technology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Zurich, SwitzerlandDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CanadaBiomedical and Mobile Health Technology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Zurich, SwitzerlandElectrocardiography and photoplethysmography are non-invasive techniques that measure signals from the cardiovascular system. While the cycles of the two measurements are highly correlated, the correlation between the waveforms has rarely been studied. Measuring the photoplethysmogram (PPG) is much easier and more convenient than the electrocardiogram (ECG). Recent research has shown that PPG can be used to reconstruct the ECG, indicating that practitioners can gain a deep understanding of the patients’ cardiovascular health using two physiological signals (PPG and ECG) while measuring only PPG. This study proposes a subject-based deep learning model that reconstructs an ECG using a PPG and is based on the bidirectional long short-term memory model. Because the ECG waveform may vary from subject to subject, this model is subject-specific. The model was tested using 100 records from the MIMIC III database. Of these records, 50 had a circulatory disease. The results show that a long ECG signal could be effectively reconstructed from PPG, which is, to our knowledge, the first attempt in this field. A length of 228 s of ECG was constructed by the model, which was trained and validated using 60 s of PPG and ECG signals. To segment the data, a different approach that segments the data into short time segments of equal length (and that do not rely on beats and beat detection) was investigated. Segmenting the PPG and ECG time series data into equal segments of 1-min width gave the optimal results. This resulted in a high Pearson’s correlation coefficient between the reconstructed 228 s of ECG and referenced ECG of 0.818, while the root mean square error was only 0.083 mV, and the dynamic time warping distance was 2.12 mV per second on average.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2022.859763/fulldigital healthdata scienceintensive and critical carecardiologyelectrocadiogramvital sign analysis |
| spellingShingle | Qunfeng Tang Qunfeng Tang Zhencheng Chen Yanke Guo Yongbo Liang Rabab Ward Carlo Menon Mohamed Elgendi Mohamed Elgendi Robust Reconstruction of Electrocardiogram Using Photoplethysmography: A Subject-Based Model Frontiers in Physiology digital health data science intensive and critical care cardiology electrocadiogram vital sign analysis |
| title | Robust Reconstruction of Electrocardiogram Using Photoplethysmography: A Subject-Based Model |
| title_full | Robust Reconstruction of Electrocardiogram Using Photoplethysmography: A Subject-Based Model |
| title_fullStr | Robust Reconstruction of Electrocardiogram Using Photoplethysmography: A Subject-Based Model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Robust Reconstruction of Electrocardiogram Using Photoplethysmography: A Subject-Based Model |
| title_short | Robust Reconstruction of Electrocardiogram Using Photoplethysmography: A Subject-Based Model |
| title_sort | robust reconstruction of electrocardiogram using photoplethysmography a subject based model |
| topic | digital health data science intensive and critical care cardiology electrocadiogram vital sign analysis |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2022.859763/full |
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