Load Frequency Control in Two-Area Multi-Source Power System Using Bald Eagle-Sparrow Search Optimization Tuned PID Controller
For power system engineers, automated load frequency control (LFC) for multi-area power networks has proven a difficult problem. With the addition of numerous power generation sources, the complexity of these duties becomes even more difficult. The dynamic nature of linked power networks with varied...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/4/2014 |
| _version_ | 1811153835976032256 |
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| author | T. Dharma Raj C. Kumar Panos Kotsampopoulos Hady H. Fayek |
| author_facet | T. Dharma Raj C. Kumar Panos Kotsampopoulos Hady H. Fayek |
| author_sort | T. Dharma Raj |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | For power system engineers, automated load frequency control (LFC) for multi-area power networks has proven a difficult problem. With the addition of numerous power generation sources, the complexity of these duties becomes even more difficult. The dynamic nature of linked power networks with varied generating sources, such as gas, thermal, and hydropower plants, is compared in this research. For the study to be more accurate, frequency and tie-line power measurements are used. For precise tuning of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller gains, the Bald Eagle Sparrow search optimization (BESSO) technique was used. The BESSO algorithm was created by combining the characteristics of sparrows and bald eagles. The performance of BESSO is determined by comparing its findings to those acquired using traditional approaches. In terms of Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE), which is the most important criterion used to reduce system error, the findings presented in this study indicate the effectiveness of the BESSO-PID controller. Finally, sensitivity analysis and stability analysis proved the robustness of the developed controller. The settling times associated with the tie-line power flow, frequency variation in area-1, and frequency variation in area-2, respectively, were 10.4767 s, 8.5572 s, and 11.4364 s, which were all less than the traditional approaches. As a result, the suggested method outperformed the other strategies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:53:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-feaa93ee9b2147a3a9959fff5afc3525 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:53:25Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-feaa93ee9b2147a3a9959fff5afc35252023-11-16T20:20:57ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732023-02-01164201410.3390/en16042014Load Frequency Control in Two-Area Multi-Source Power System Using Bald Eagle-Sparrow Search Optimization Tuned PID ControllerT. Dharma Raj0C. Kumar1Panos Kotsampopoulos2Hady H. Fayek3The Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, V V College of Engineering, Tirunelveli 627657, IndiaThe Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, M.Kumarasamy College of Engineering, Karur 639113, IndiaSchool of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15773 Athens, GreeceElectromechanics Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, EgyptFor power system engineers, automated load frequency control (LFC) for multi-area power networks has proven a difficult problem. With the addition of numerous power generation sources, the complexity of these duties becomes even more difficult. The dynamic nature of linked power networks with varied generating sources, such as gas, thermal, and hydropower plants, is compared in this research. For the study to be more accurate, frequency and tie-line power measurements are used. For precise tuning of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller gains, the Bald Eagle Sparrow search optimization (BESSO) technique was used. The BESSO algorithm was created by combining the characteristics of sparrows and bald eagles. The performance of BESSO is determined by comparing its findings to those acquired using traditional approaches. In terms of Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE), which is the most important criterion used to reduce system error, the findings presented in this study indicate the effectiveness of the BESSO-PID controller. Finally, sensitivity analysis and stability analysis proved the robustness of the developed controller. The settling times associated with the tie-line power flow, frequency variation in area-1, and frequency variation in area-2, respectively, were 10.4767 s, 8.5572 s, and 11.4364 s, which were all less than the traditional approaches. As a result, the suggested method outperformed the other strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/4/2014LFCmultiple source power systemPID controllerITAEoptimization |
| spellingShingle | T. Dharma Raj C. Kumar Panos Kotsampopoulos Hady H. Fayek Load Frequency Control in Two-Area Multi-Source Power System Using Bald Eagle-Sparrow Search Optimization Tuned PID Controller Energies LFC multiple source power system PID controller ITAE optimization |
| title | Load Frequency Control in Two-Area Multi-Source Power System Using Bald Eagle-Sparrow Search Optimization Tuned PID Controller |
| title_full | Load Frequency Control in Two-Area Multi-Source Power System Using Bald Eagle-Sparrow Search Optimization Tuned PID Controller |
| title_fullStr | Load Frequency Control in Two-Area Multi-Source Power System Using Bald Eagle-Sparrow Search Optimization Tuned PID Controller |
| title_full_unstemmed | Load Frequency Control in Two-Area Multi-Source Power System Using Bald Eagle-Sparrow Search Optimization Tuned PID Controller |
| title_short | Load Frequency Control in Two-Area Multi-Source Power System Using Bald Eagle-Sparrow Search Optimization Tuned PID Controller |
| title_sort | load frequency control in two area multi source power system using bald eagle sparrow search optimization tuned pid controller |
| topic | LFC multiple source power system PID controller ITAE optimization |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/4/2014 |
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