In Vitro Eradication of Planktonic, Saliva and Biofilm Bacteria Using Lingonberry Extract as a Photosensitizer for Visible Light Plus Water-Filtered Infrared-A Irradiation
Antimicrobial photodynamic treatment (aPDT) with visible light plus water-filtered infrared-A irradiation (VIS-wIRA) and natural single- or multi-component photosensitizers (PSs) was shown to have potent antimicrobial activity. The aim of this study was to obtain information on the antimicrobial eff...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/23/4988 |
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| author | Mia Klein Ali Al-Ahmad Marie Follo Elmar Hellwig Kirstin Vach Sigrun Chrubasik-Hausmann |
| author_facet | Mia Klein Ali Al-Ahmad Marie Follo Elmar Hellwig Kirstin Vach Sigrun Chrubasik-Hausmann |
| author_sort | Mia Klein |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Antimicrobial photodynamic treatment (aPDT) with visible light plus water-filtered infrared-A irradiation (VIS-wIRA) and natural single- or multi-component photosensitizers (PSs) was shown to have potent antimicrobial activity. The aim of this study was to obtain information on the antimicrobial effects of aPDT-VIS-wIRA with lingonberry extract (LE) against bacteria that play a role in oral health. Planktonic bacterial cultures of the Gram-positive <i>E. faecalis</i> T9, <i>S. mutans</i> DSM20523, <i>S. oralis</i> ATCC 35037 and <i>S. sobrinus</i> PSM 203513, the Gram-negative <i>N. oralis</i> 14F2 FG-15-7B, <i>F. nucleatum</i> ATCC 25586, and <i>V. parvula</i> DSM, the anaerobic <i>F. nucleatum</i> ATCC 25586 and <i>V. parvula</i> DSM 2008, and the total mixed bacteria from pooled saliva and supra- and subgingival plaques of volunteers were all treated and compared. aPDT-VIS-wIRA with LE as PS significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.008) reduced the growth of all tested Gram-positive, Gram-negative, as well as aerobic and anaerobic bacterial strains, whereas without irradiation no reductions were seen (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). NaCl, with or without irradiation, was ineffective. After treatment with CHX 0.2%, the highest killing rate (100%) was observed, and no bacteria (0 log10 CFU) were cultivable. The method also significantly reduced all of the bacteria present in saliva and in the gingival biofilms. Three-dimensional visualization of viable and non-viable microorganisms revealed that LE penetrated deeper into the cell wall layers than CHX 0.2%. LE was an appropriate PS for eradicating microorganisms with VIS-wIRA, either in their planktonic form or in saliva and gingival plaque biofilms. These results encourage further investigation in order to determine which LE compounds contribute to the photosensitizing effect and to evaluate the size of the effect on maintaining oral health. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:45:32Z |
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| id | doaj.art-feb4a95f5de443b3a4154d39294eec19 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:45:32Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-feb4a95f5de443b3a4154d39294eec192023-12-08T15:23:33ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432023-12-011523498810.3390/nu15234988In Vitro Eradication of Planktonic, Saliva and Biofilm Bacteria Using Lingonberry Extract as a Photosensitizer for Visible Light Plus Water-Filtered Infrared-A IrradiationMia Klein0Ali Al-Ahmad1Marie Follo2Elmar Hellwig3Kirstin Vach4Sigrun Chrubasik-Hausmann5Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical Center of the University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, GermanyDepartment of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical Center of the University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, GermanyLighthouse Core Facility, Department of Medicine I, Medical Center of the University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 115, 79106 Freiburg, GermanyDepartment of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical Center of the University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, GermanyInstitute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 26, 79104 Freiburg, GermanyInstitute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, GermanyAntimicrobial photodynamic treatment (aPDT) with visible light plus water-filtered infrared-A irradiation (VIS-wIRA) and natural single- or multi-component photosensitizers (PSs) was shown to have potent antimicrobial activity. The aim of this study was to obtain information on the antimicrobial effects of aPDT-VIS-wIRA with lingonberry extract (LE) against bacteria that play a role in oral health. Planktonic bacterial cultures of the Gram-positive <i>E. faecalis</i> T9, <i>S. mutans</i> DSM20523, <i>S. oralis</i> ATCC 35037 and <i>S. sobrinus</i> PSM 203513, the Gram-negative <i>N. oralis</i> 14F2 FG-15-7B, <i>F. nucleatum</i> ATCC 25586, and <i>V. parvula</i> DSM, the anaerobic <i>F. nucleatum</i> ATCC 25586 and <i>V. parvula</i> DSM 2008, and the total mixed bacteria from pooled saliva and supra- and subgingival plaques of volunteers were all treated and compared. aPDT-VIS-wIRA with LE as PS significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.008) reduced the growth of all tested Gram-positive, Gram-negative, as well as aerobic and anaerobic bacterial strains, whereas without irradiation no reductions were seen (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). NaCl, with or without irradiation, was ineffective. After treatment with CHX 0.2%, the highest killing rate (100%) was observed, and no bacteria (0 log10 CFU) were cultivable. The method also significantly reduced all of the bacteria present in saliva and in the gingival biofilms. Three-dimensional visualization of viable and non-viable microorganisms revealed that LE penetrated deeper into the cell wall layers than CHX 0.2%. LE was an appropriate PS for eradicating microorganisms with VIS-wIRA, either in their planktonic form or in saliva and gingival plaque biofilms. These results encourage further investigation in order to determine which LE compounds contribute to the photosensitizing effect and to evaluate the size of the effect on maintaining oral health.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/23/4988lingonberry<i>Vaccinium vitis-idea</i>oral pathogenic bacteriaphotosensitizerantimicrobial photodynamic treatmentvisible light plus water-filtered infrared-A irradiation |
| spellingShingle | Mia Klein Ali Al-Ahmad Marie Follo Elmar Hellwig Kirstin Vach Sigrun Chrubasik-Hausmann In Vitro Eradication of Planktonic, Saliva and Biofilm Bacteria Using Lingonberry Extract as a Photosensitizer for Visible Light Plus Water-Filtered Infrared-A Irradiation Nutrients lingonberry <i>Vaccinium vitis-idea</i> oral pathogenic bacteria photosensitizer antimicrobial photodynamic treatment visible light plus water-filtered infrared-A irradiation |
| title | In Vitro Eradication of Planktonic, Saliva and Biofilm Bacteria Using Lingonberry Extract as a Photosensitizer for Visible Light Plus Water-Filtered Infrared-A Irradiation |
| title_full | In Vitro Eradication of Planktonic, Saliva and Biofilm Bacteria Using Lingonberry Extract as a Photosensitizer for Visible Light Plus Water-Filtered Infrared-A Irradiation |
| title_fullStr | In Vitro Eradication of Planktonic, Saliva and Biofilm Bacteria Using Lingonberry Extract as a Photosensitizer for Visible Light Plus Water-Filtered Infrared-A Irradiation |
| title_full_unstemmed | In Vitro Eradication of Planktonic, Saliva and Biofilm Bacteria Using Lingonberry Extract as a Photosensitizer for Visible Light Plus Water-Filtered Infrared-A Irradiation |
| title_short | In Vitro Eradication of Planktonic, Saliva and Biofilm Bacteria Using Lingonberry Extract as a Photosensitizer for Visible Light Plus Water-Filtered Infrared-A Irradiation |
| title_sort | in vitro eradication of planktonic saliva and biofilm bacteria using lingonberry extract as a photosensitizer for visible light plus water filtered infrared a irradiation |
| topic | lingonberry <i>Vaccinium vitis-idea</i> oral pathogenic bacteria photosensitizer antimicrobial photodynamic treatment visible light plus water-filtered infrared-A irradiation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/23/4988 |
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