Impact of a Graphene Oxide Reducing Agent on a Semi-Permeable Graphene/Reduced Graphene Oxide Forward Osmosis Membrane Filtration Efficiency
Graphene has been considered as a material that may overcome the limitations of polymer semi-permeable membranes in water treatment technology. However, monolayer graphene still suffers from defects that cause leakage. Here, we report a method of sealing defects in graphene transferred onto porous p...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Membranes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/11/9/679 |
| _version_ | 1797518277148147712 |
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| author | Grzegorz Romaniak Konrad Dybowski Anna Jędrzejczak Anna Sobczyk-Guzenda Bartłomiej Januszewicz Witold Szymański Paulina Kowalczyk Tomasz Kaźmierczak Jan Siniarski Piotr Kula |
| author_facet | Grzegorz Romaniak Konrad Dybowski Anna Jędrzejczak Anna Sobczyk-Guzenda Bartłomiej Januszewicz Witold Szymański Paulina Kowalczyk Tomasz Kaźmierczak Jan Siniarski Piotr Kula |
| author_sort | Grzegorz Romaniak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Graphene has been considered as a material that may overcome the limitations of polymer semi-permeable membranes in water treatment technology. However, monolayer graphene still suffers from defects that cause leakage. Here, we report a method of sealing defects in graphene transferred onto porous polymer substrate via reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The influence of various reducing agents (e.g., vitamin C, hydrazine) on the properties of rGO was investigated by SEM, Raman, FTIR, and XRD. Subsequently, membranes based on graphene/reduced graphene oxide were tested in a forward osmosis system using sodium chloride (NaCl). The effect of the effectiveness of the reduction of graphene oxide, the type and number of attached groups, the change in the distance between the rGO flakes, and the structure of this material were examined in terms of filtration efficiency. As a result, semi-permeable centimetre-scale membranes with ion blocking efficiency of up to 90% and water flux of 20 mL h<sup>−1</sup> m<sup>−2</sup> bar<sup>−1</sup> were proposed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:27:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-febd17ef27914ea09b9761bc133ac826 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0375 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:27:37Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Membranes |
| spelling | doaj.art-febd17ef27914ea09b9761bc133ac8262023-11-22T14:10:17ZengMDPI AGMembranes2077-03752021-08-0111967910.3390/membranes11090679Impact of a Graphene Oxide Reducing Agent on a Semi-Permeable Graphene/Reduced Graphene Oxide Forward Osmosis Membrane Filtration EfficiencyGrzegorz Romaniak0Konrad Dybowski1Anna Jędrzejczak2Anna Sobczyk-Guzenda3Bartłomiej Januszewicz4Witold Szymański5Paulina Kowalczyk6Tomasz Kaźmierczak7Jan Siniarski8Piotr Kula9Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, 1/15 Stefanowskiego St., 90-924 Lodz, PolandFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, 1/15 Stefanowskiego St., 90-924 Lodz, PolandFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, 1/15 Stefanowskiego St., 90-924 Lodz, PolandFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, 1/15 Stefanowskiego St., 90-924 Lodz, PolandFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, 1/15 Stefanowskiego St., 90-924 Lodz, PolandFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, 1/15 Stefanowskiego St., 90-924 Lodz, PolandFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, 1/15 Stefanowskiego St., 90-924 Lodz, PolandAmii Sp. z o.o., 22 Techniczna St., 92-518 Lodz, PolandAmii Sp. z o.o., 22 Techniczna St., 92-518 Lodz, PolandFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, 1/15 Stefanowskiego St., 90-924 Lodz, PolandGraphene has been considered as a material that may overcome the limitations of polymer semi-permeable membranes in water treatment technology. However, monolayer graphene still suffers from defects that cause leakage. Here, we report a method of sealing defects in graphene transferred onto porous polymer substrate via reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The influence of various reducing agents (e.g., vitamin C, hydrazine) on the properties of rGO was investigated by SEM, Raman, FTIR, and XRD. Subsequently, membranes based on graphene/reduced graphene oxide were tested in a forward osmosis system using sodium chloride (NaCl). The effect of the effectiveness of the reduction of graphene oxide, the type and number of attached groups, the change in the distance between the rGO flakes, and the structure of this material were examined in terms of filtration efficiency. As a result, semi-permeable centimetre-scale membranes with ion blocking efficiency of up to 90% and water flux of 20 mL h<sup>−1</sup> m<sup>−2</sup> bar<sup>−1</sup> were proposed.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/11/9/679graphenegraphene oxidegraphene membranedesalinationforward osmosis |
| spellingShingle | Grzegorz Romaniak Konrad Dybowski Anna Jędrzejczak Anna Sobczyk-Guzenda Bartłomiej Januszewicz Witold Szymański Paulina Kowalczyk Tomasz Kaźmierczak Jan Siniarski Piotr Kula Impact of a Graphene Oxide Reducing Agent on a Semi-Permeable Graphene/Reduced Graphene Oxide Forward Osmosis Membrane Filtration Efficiency Membranes graphene graphene oxide graphene membrane desalination forward osmosis |
| title | Impact of a Graphene Oxide Reducing Agent on a Semi-Permeable Graphene/Reduced Graphene Oxide Forward Osmosis Membrane Filtration Efficiency |
| title_full | Impact of a Graphene Oxide Reducing Agent on a Semi-Permeable Graphene/Reduced Graphene Oxide Forward Osmosis Membrane Filtration Efficiency |
| title_fullStr | Impact of a Graphene Oxide Reducing Agent on a Semi-Permeable Graphene/Reduced Graphene Oxide Forward Osmosis Membrane Filtration Efficiency |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of a Graphene Oxide Reducing Agent on a Semi-Permeable Graphene/Reduced Graphene Oxide Forward Osmosis Membrane Filtration Efficiency |
| title_short | Impact of a Graphene Oxide Reducing Agent on a Semi-Permeable Graphene/Reduced Graphene Oxide Forward Osmosis Membrane Filtration Efficiency |
| title_sort | impact of a graphene oxide reducing agent on a semi permeable graphene reduced graphene oxide forward osmosis membrane filtration efficiency |
| topic | graphene graphene oxide graphene membrane desalination forward osmosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/11/9/679 |
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