Demonstration of Phase Change Thermal Energy Storage in Zinc Oxide Microencapsulated Sodium Nitrate
Microencapsulation of sodium nitrate (NaNO<sub>3</sub>) as phase change material for high temperature thermal energy storage aims to reduce costs related to metal corrosion in storage tanks. The goal of this work was to test in a prototype thermal energy storage tank (16.7 L internal vol...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/13/6234 |
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| author | Ciprian Neagoe Ioan Albert Tudor Cristina Florentina Ciobota Cristian Bogdanescu Paul Stanciu Nicoleta Zărnescu-Ivan Radu Robert Piticescu Maria Dolores Romero-Sanchez |
| author_facet | Ciprian Neagoe Ioan Albert Tudor Cristina Florentina Ciobota Cristian Bogdanescu Paul Stanciu Nicoleta Zărnescu-Ivan Radu Robert Piticescu Maria Dolores Romero-Sanchez |
| author_sort | Ciprian Neagoe |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Microencapsulation of sodium nitrate (NaNO<sub>3</sub>) as phase change material for high temperature thermal energy storage aims to reduce costs related to metal corrosion in storage tanks. The goal of this work was to test in a prototype thermal energy storage tank (16.7 L internal volume) the thermal properties of NaNO<sub>3</sub> microencapsulated in zinc oxide shells, and estimate the potential of NaNO<sub>3</sub>–ZnO microcapsules for thermal storage applications. A fast and scalable microencapsulation procedure was developed, a flow calorimetry method was adapted, and a template document created to perform tank thermal transfer simulation by the finite element method (FEM) was set in Microsoft Excel. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and transient plane source (TPS) methods were used to measure, in small samples, the temperature dependency of melting/solidification heat, specific heat, and thermal conductivity of the NaNO<sub>3</sub>–ZnO microcapsules. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and chemical analysis demonstrated the stability of microcapsules over multiple tank charge–discharge cycles. The energy stored as latent heat is available for a temperature interval from 303 to 285 °C, corresponding to onset–offset for NaNO<sub>3</sub> solidification. Charge–self-discharge experiments on the pilot tank showed that the amount of thermal energy stored in this interval largely corresponds to the NaNO<sub>3</sub> content of the microcapsules; the high temperature energy density of microcapsules is estimated in the range from 145 to 179 MJ/m<sup>3</sup>. Comparison between real tank experiments and FEM simulations demonstrated that DSC and TPS laboratory measurements on microcapsule thermal properties may reliably be used to design applications for thermal energy storage. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:53:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fecd1cbfc19d4d0797ec9937e725c149 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:53:22Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-fecd1cbfc19d4d0797ec9937e725c1492023-11-22T02:35:41ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172021-07-011113623410.3390/app11136234Demonstration of Phase Change Thermal Energy Storage in Zinc Oxide Microencapsulated Sodium NitrateCiprian Neagoe0Ioan Albert Tudor1Cristina Florentina Ciobota2Cristian Bogdanescu3Paul Stanciu4Nicoleta Zărnescu-Ivan5Radu Robert Piticescu6Maria Dolores Romero-Sanchez7National R&D Institute for Nonferrous and Rare Metals–IMNR, 077145 Pantelimon, RomaniaNational R&D Institute for Nonferrous and Rare Metals–IMNR, 077145 Pantelimon, RomaniaNational R&D Institute for Nonferrous and Rare Metals–IMNR, 077145 Pantelimon, RomaniaNational R&D Institute for Nonferrous and Rare Metals–IMNR, 077145 Pantelimon, RomaniaNational R&D Institute for Nonferrous and Rare Metals–IMNR, 077145 Pantelimon, RomaniaNational R&D Institute for Nonferrous and Rare Metals–IMNR, 077145 Pantelimon, RomaniaNational R&D Institute for Nonferrous and Rare Metals–IMNR, 077145 Pantelimon, RomaniaNational R&D Institute for Nonferrous and Rare Metals–IMNR, 077145 Pantelimon, RomaniaMicroencapsulation of sodium nitrate (NaNO<sub>3</sub>) as phase change material for high temperature thermal energy storage aims to reduce costs related to metal corrosion in storage tanks. The goal of this work was to test in a prototype thermal energy storage tank (16.7 L internal volume) the thermal properties of NaNO<sub>3</sub> microencapsulated in zinc oxide shells, and estimate the potential of NaNO<sub>3</sub>–ZnO microcapsules for thermal storage applications. A fast and scalable microencapsulation procedure was developed, a flow calorimetry method was adapted, and a template document created to perform tank thermal transfer simulation by the finite element method (FEM) was set in Microsoft Excel. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and transient plane source (TPS) methods were used to measure, in small samples, the temperature dependency of melting/solidification heat, specific heat, and thermal conductivity of the NaNO<sub>3</sub>–ZnO microcapsules. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and chemical analysis demonstrated the stability of microcapsules over multiple tank charge–discharge cycles. The energy stored as latent heat is available for a temperature interval from 303 to 285 °C, corresponding to onset–offset for NaNO<sub>3</sub> solidification. Charge–self-discharge experiments on the pilot tank showed that the amount of thermal energy stored in this interval largely corresponds to the NaNO<sub>3</sub> content of the microcapsules; the high temperature energy density of microcapsules is estimated in the range from 145 to 179 MJ/m<sup>3</sup>. Comparison between real tank experiments and FEM simulations demonstrated that DSC and TPS laboratory measurements on microcapsule thermal properties may reliably be used to design applications for thermal energy storage.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/13/6234phase change materialssodium nitratethermal conductivitymicroencapsulationlatent heatthermal energy storage |
| spellingShingle | Ciprian Neagoe Ioan Albert Tudor Cristina Florentina Ciobota Cristian Bogdanescu Paul Stanciu Nicoleta Zărnescu-Ivan Radu Robert Piticescu Maria Dolores Romero-Sanchez Demonstration of Phase Change Thermal Energy Storage in Zinc Oxide Microencapsulated Sodium Nitrate Applied Sciences phase change materials sodium nitrate thermal conductivity microencapsulation latent heat thermal energy storage |
| title | Demonstration of Phase Change Thermal Energy Storage in Zinc Oxide Microencapsulated Sodium Nitrate |
| title_full | Demonstration of Phase Change Thermal Energy Storage in Zinc Oxide Microencapsulated Sodium Nitrate |
| title_fullStr | Demonstration of Phase Change Thermal Energy Storage in Zinc Oxide Microencapsulated Sodium Nitrate |
| title_full_unstemmed | Demonstration of Phase Change Thermal Energy Storage in Zinc Oxide Microencapsulated Sodium Nitrate |
| title_short | Demonstration of Phase Change Thermal Energy Storage in Zinc Oxide Microencapsulated Sodium Nitrate |
| title_sort | demonstration of phase change thermal energy storage in zinc oxide microencapsulated sodium nitrate |
| topic | phase change materials sodium nitrate thermal conductivity microencapsulation latent heat thermal energy storage |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/13/6234 |
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