The Mechanism for HAZ Liquation of Nickel-Based Alloy 617B During Gas Tungsten Arc Welding
The mechanism for HAZ (heat-affected zone) liquation of alloy 617B during gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) was investigated. Welding thermal simulation work was conducted to investigate the effects of thermal parameters (peak temperature, holding time, and thermal cycle numbers) on M<sub>23<...
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MDPI AG
2020-01-01
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| Series: | Metals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/10/1/94 |
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| author | Shanlin Li Kejian Li Mengjia Hu Yao Wu Zhipeng Cai Jiluan Pan |
| author_facet | Shanlin Li Kejian Li Mengjia Hu Yao Wu Zhipeng Cai Jiluan Pan |
| author_sort | Shanlin Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The mechanism for HAZ (heat-affected zone) liquation of alloy 617B during gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) was investigated. Welding thermal simulation work was conducted to investigate the effects of thermal parameters (peak temperature, holding time, and thermal cycle numbers) on M<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub> carbides’ evolutionary behavior in nickel-based alloy 617B. OM (optical microscopy), SEM (scanning electron microscopy), TEM (transmission electron microscopy), and SIMS (secondary ion mass spectrometry) were employed to characterize HAZ carbides. It was found that the constitutional liquation of M<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub> carbides is responsible for HAZ liquation in alloy 617B. Rapid heating meant that solute atoms released from partially dissolved M<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub> carbides did not have enough time to sufficiently diffuse into the matrix, resulting in eutectic reaction M<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub> + γ → liquid in the temperature range from 1250 °C to 1300 °C. In the following cooling process, the liquid phase transformed into γ and M<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub> (or M<sub>6</sub>C) carbides simultaneously, creating a eutectic microstructure. Subsequent thermal cycles with peak temperature 1100 °C and proper holding time brought about a tempering effect to precipitate fine M<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub> carbides from the Cr supersaturated zone around the eutectic microstructure. Boron was found to be enriched in carbides and was expected to promote HAZ liquation by two mechanisms. No cracking caused by HAZ liquation has been found, indicating that GTAW is a suitable method for joining alloy 617B. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T04:03:20Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T04:03:20Z |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Metals |
| spelling | doaj.art-fedab7dffc0146b2a77c7a794ac7b1802022-12-21T19:16:40ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012020-01-011019410.3390/met10010094met10010094The Mechanism for HAZ Liquation of Nickel-Based Alloy 617B During Gas Tungsten Arc WeldingShanlin Li0Kejian Li1Mengjia Hu2Yao Wu3Zhipeng Cai4Jiluan Pan5Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, ChinaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, ChinaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, ChinaTianjin Research Institute for Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Tianjin 300300, ChinaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, ChinaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, ChinaThe mechanism for HAZ (heat-affected zone) liquation of alloy 617B during gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) was investigated. Welding thermal simulation work was conducted to investigate the effects of thermal parameters (peak temperature, holding time, and thermal cycle numbers) on M<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub> carbides’ evolutionary behavior in nickel-based alloy 617B. OM (optical microscopy), SEM (scanning electron microscopy), TEM (transmission electron microscopy), and SIMS (secondary ion mass spectrometry) were employed to characterize HAZ carbides. It was found that the constitutional liquation of M<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub> carbides is responsible for HAZ liquation in alloy 617B. Rapid heating meant that solute atoms released from partially dissolved M<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub> carbides did not have enough time to sufficiently diffuse into the matrix, resulting in eutectic reaction M<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub> + γ → liquid in the temperature range from 1250 °C to 1300 °C. In the following cooling process, the liquid phase transformed into γ and M<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub> (or M<sub>6</sub>C) carbides simultaneously, creating a eutectic microstructure. Subsequent thermal cycles with peak temperature 1100 °C and proper holding time brought about a tempering effect to precipitate fine M<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub> carbides from the Cr supersaturated zone around the eutectic microstructure. Boron was found to be enriched in carbides and was expected to promote HAZ liquation by two mechanisms. No cracking caused by HAZ liquation has been found, indicating that GTAW is a suitable method for joining alloy 617B.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/10/1/94nickel-based alloysweldingthermal simulationconstitutional liquationm<sub>23</sub>c<sub>6</sub> carbides |
| spellingShingle | Shanlin Li Kejian Li Mengjia Hu Yao Wu Zhipeng Cai Jiluan Pan The Mechanism for HAZ Liquation of Nickel-Based Alloy 617B During Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Metals nickel-based alloys welding thermal simulation constitutional liquation m<sub>23</sub>c<sub>6</sub> carbides |
| title | The Mechanism for HAZ Liquation of Nickel-Based Alloy 617B During Gas Tungsten Arc Welding |
| title_full | The Mechanism for HAZ Liquation of Nickel-Based Alloy 617B During Gas Tungsten Arc Welding |
| title_fullStr | The Mechanism for HAZ Liquation of Nickel-Based Alloy 617B During Gas Tungsten Arc Welding |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Mechanism for HAZ Liquation of Nickel-Based Alloy 617B During Gas Tungsten Arc Welding |
| title_short | The Mechanism for HAZ Liquation of Nickel-Based Alloy 617B During Gas Tungsten Arc Welding |
| title_sort | mechanism for haz liquation of nickel based alloy 617b during gas tungsten arc welding |
| topic | nickel-based alloys welding thermal simulation constitutional liquation m<sub>23</sub>c<sub>6</sub> carbides |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/10/1/94 |
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