Pediatric Exposures to Neurotoxicants: A Review of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Findings
Heavy metals, including lead and manganese, air pollution, pesticides, environmental tobacco smoke, and flame retardants are among the known and suspected environmental neurotoxicant exposures examined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based studies of pediatric populations. Many studies feature...
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-03-01
|
| Series: | Diagnostics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/12/3/641 |
| _version_ | 1797472041394241536 |
|---|---|
| author | Kim M. Cecil |
| author_facet | Kim M. Cecil |
| author_sort | Kim M. Cecil |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Heavy metals, including lead and manganese, air pollution, pesticides, environmental tobacco smoke, and flame retardants are among the known and suspected environmental neurotoxicant exposures examined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based studies of pediatric populations. Many studies feature morphological changes associated with the exposures while others employ magnetic resonance spectroscopy, diffusion imaging, task-based, and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging to reveal abnormal metabolic concentrations, white matter disorganization, and atypical patterns of activation. Some studies follow pregnant women and their offspring throughout the lifespan with collection of individual specimens as exposure biomarkers. Others innovatively make use of public databases to obtain relevant exposure biomarkers while taking advantage of these studies in their efforts to monitor developmental features in large, population-based, imaging cohorts. As exposures to neurotoxicants in the womb and throughout childhood have life-long impacts on health and well-being, the importance of these innovative neuroimaging investigations is ever increasing. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:57:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-feef49c75aaf4ebdbcfa73a21c56ed14 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:57:36Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj.art-feef49c75aaf4ebdbcfa73a21c56ed142023-11-24T00:55:05ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182022-03-0112364110.3390/diagnostics12030641Pediatric Exposures to Neurotoxicants: A Review of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy FindingsKim M. Cecil0Departments of Radiology and Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USAHeavy metals, including lead and manganese, air pollution, pesticides, environmental tobacco smoke, and flame retardants are among the known and suspected environmental neurotoxicant exposures examined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based studies of pediatric populations. Many studies feature morphological changes associated with the exposures while others employ magnetic resonance spectroscopy, diffusion imaging, task-based, and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging to reveal abnormal metabolic concentrations, white matter disorganization, and atypical patterns of activation. Some studies follow pregnant women and their offspring throughout the lifespan with collection of individual specimens as exposure biomarkers. Others innovatively make use of public databases to obtain relevant exposure biomarkers while taking advantage of these studies in their efforts to monitor developmental features in large, population-based, imaging cohorts. As exposures to neurotoxicants in the womb and throughout childhood have life-long impacts on health and well-being, the importance of these innovative neuroimaging investigations is ever increasing.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/12/3/641morphometrymagnetic resonance imagingfunctional magnetic resonance imagingdiffusion imagingmagnetic resonance spectroscopyenvironment |
| spellingShingle | Kim M. Cecil Pediatric Exposures to Neurotoxicants: A Review of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Findings Diagnostics morphometry magnetic resonance imaging functional magnetic resonance imaging diffusion imaging magnetic resonance spectroscopy environment |
| title | Pediatric Exposures to Neurotoxicants: A Review of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Findings |
| title_full | Pediatric Exposures to Neurotoxicants: A Review of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Findings |
| title_fullStr | Pediatric Exposures to Neurotoxicants: A Review of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Findings |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pediatric Exposures to Neurotoxicants: A Review of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Findings |
| title_short | Pediatric Exposures to Neurotoxicants: A Review of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Findings |
| title_sort | pediatric exposures to neurotoxicants a review of magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy findings |
| topic | morphometry magnetic resonance imaging functional magnetic resonance imaging diffusion imaging magnetic resonance spectroscopy environment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/12/3/641 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kimmcecil pediatricexposurestoneurotoxicantsareviewofmagneticresonanceimagingandspectroscopyfindings |