Current and Novel Therapies for Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Diseases
Eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases (EGIDs) are an emerging group of pathological entities characterized by an eosinophil-predominant infiltration of different tracts of the gut in the absence of secondary causes of eosinophilia. According to the specific tract of the gut involved, EGIDs can be c...
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/20/15165 |
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| author | Giovanni Marasco Pierfrancesco Visaggi Mariagiulia Vassallo Miriam Fiocca Cesare Cremon Maria Raffaella Barbaro Nicola De Bortoli Massimo Bellini Vincenzo Stanghellini Edoardo Vincenzo Savarino Giovanni Barbara |
| author_facet | Giovanni Marasco Pierfrancesco Visaggi Mariagiulia Vassallo Miriam Fiocca Cesare Cremon Maria Raffaella Barbaro Nicola De Bortoli Massimo Bellini Vincenzo Stanghellini Edoardo Vincenzo Savarino Giovanni Barbara |
| author_sort | Giovanni Marasco |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases (EGIDs) are an emerging group of pathological entities characterized by an eosinophil-predominant infiltration of different tracts of the gut in the absence of secondary causes of eosinophilia. According to the specific tract of the gut involved, EGIDs can be classified into eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), eosinophilic gastritis (EoG), eosinophilic enteritis (EoN), and eosinophilic colitis (EoC). The epidemiology of EGIDs is evolving rapidly. EoE, once considered a rare disease, now has an incidence and prevalence of 7.7 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants per years and 34.4 cases per 100,000 inhabitants per year, respectively. Fewer data are available regarding non-EoE EGIDs, whose prevalence are estimated to range between 2.1 and 17.6 in 100,000 individuals, depending on age, sex, and ethnicity. Diagnosis requires the presence of suggestive symptoms, endoscopic biopsies showing abnormal values of eosinophils infiltrating the gut, and exclusion of secondary causes of eosinophilia. EoE typically presents with dysphagia and episodes of food bolus impactions, while EoG, EoN, and EoC may all present with abdominal pain and diarrhea, with or without other non-specific symptoms. In addition, although different EGIDs are currently classified as different entities, there may be overlap between different diseases in the same patient. Despite EGIDs being relatively novel pathological entities, the research on possible treatments is rapidly growing. In this regard, several randomized controlled trials are currently ongoing to investigate novel molecules, including ad-hoc steroid formulations, immunosuppressants, and mostly monoclonal antibodies that target the specific molecular mediators of EGIDs. This narrative review provides an up-to-date overview of available and investigational drugs for different EGIDs. |
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| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:13:19Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-fef1c18b07ce4bd8b6e94c645ff590f12023-11-19T16:42:37ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-10-0124201516510.3390/ijms242015165Current and Novel Therapies for Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal DiseasesGiovanni Marasco0Pierfrancesco Visaggi1Mariagiulia Vassallo2Miriam Fiocca3Cesare Cremon4Maria Raffaella Barbaro5Nicola De Bortoli6Massimo Bellini7Vincenzo Stanghellini8Edoardo Vincenzo Savarino9Giovanni Barbara10IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, ItalyGastroenterology Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 36, 56126 Pisa, ItalyIRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, ItalyIRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, ItalyIRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, ItalyIRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, ItalyGastroenterology Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 36, 56126 Pisa, ItalyGastroenterology Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 36, 56126 Pisa, ItalyIRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, ItalyGastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedale Università of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, ItalyIRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, ItalyEosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases (EGIDs) are an emerging group of pathological entities characterized by an eosinophil-predominant infiltration of different tracts of the gut in the absence of secondary causes of eosinophilia. According to the specific tract of the gut involved, EGIDs can be classified into eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), eosinophilic gastritis (EoG), eosinophilic enteritis (EoN), and eosinophilic colitis (EoC). The epidemiology of EGIDs is evolving rapidly. EoE, once considered a rare disease, now has an incidence and prevalence of 7.7 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants per years and 34.4 cases per 100,000 inhabitants per year, respectively. Fewer data are available regarding non-EoE EGIDs, whose prevalence are estimated to range between 2.1 and 17.6 in 100,000 individuals, depending on age, sex, and ethnicity. Diagnosis requires the presence of suggestive symptoms, endoscopic biopsies showing abnormal values of eosinophils infiltrating the gut, and exclusion of secondary causes of eosinophilia. EoE typically presents with dysphagia and episodes of food bolus impactions, while EoG, EoN, and EoC may all present with abdominal pain and diarrhea, with or without other non-specific symptoms. In addition, although different EGIDs are currently classified as different entities, there may be overlap between different diseases in the same patient. Despite EGIDs being relatively novel pathological entities, the research on possible treatments is rapidly growing. In this regard, several randomized controlled trials are currently ongoing to investigate novel molecules, including ad-hoc steroid formulations, immunosuppressants, and mostly monoclonal antibodies that target the specific molecular mediators of EGIDs. This narrative review provides an up-to-date overview of available and investigational drugs for different EGIDs.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/20/15165eosinophilsesophagitisgastritiscolitisdupilumab |
| spellingShingle | Giovanni Marasco Pierfrancesco Visaggi Mariagiulia Vassallo Miriam Fiocca Cesare Cremon Maria Raffaella Barbaro Nicola De Bortoli Massimo Bellini Vincenzo Stanghellini Edoardo Vincenzo Savarino Giovanni Barbara Current and Novel Therapies for Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Diseases International Journal of Molecular Sciences eosinophils esophagitis gastritis colitis dupilumab |
| title | Current and Novel Therapies for Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Diseases |
| title_full | Current and Novel Therapies for Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Diseases |
| title_fullStr | Current and Novel Therapies for Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Current and Novel Therapies for Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Diseases |
| title_short | Current and Novel Therapies for Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Diseases |
| title_sort | current and novel therapies for eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases |
| topic | eosinophils esophagitis gastritis colitis dupilumab |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/20/15165 |
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