Prevalence of Vancomycin-Resistant <i>Enterococcus</i> (VRE) in Companion Animals: The First Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
Antimicrobial resistance in companion animals is a major public health concern worldwide due to the animals’ zoonotic potential and ability to act as a reservoir for resistant genes. We report on the first use of meta-analysis and a systematic review to analyze the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-01-01
|
| Series: | Antibiotics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/2/138 |
| _version_ | 1797417619086639104 |
|---|---|
| author | Yusuf Wada Ahmad Adebayo Irekeola Engku Nur Syafirah E.A.R. Wardah Yusof Lee Lih Huey Suwaiba Ladan Muhammad Azian Harun Chan Yean Yean Abdul Rahman Zaidah |
| author_facet | Yusuf Wada Ahmad Adebayo Irekeola Engku Nur Syafirah E.A.R. Wardah Yusof Lee Lih Huey Suwaiba Ladan Muhammad Azian Harun Chan Yean Yean Abdul Rahman Zaidah |
| author_sort | Yusuf Wada |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Antimicrobial resistance in companion animals is a major public health concern worldwide due to the animals’ zoonotic potential and ability to act as a reservoir for resistant genes. We report on the first use of meta-analysis and a systematic review to analyze the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant <i>Enterococcus</i> (VRE) in companion animals. Databases such as MedLib, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched. The information was extracted by two independent reviewers and the results were reviewed by a third. Two reviewers independently assessed the study protocol using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) checklist and the study quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist for prevalence data. OpenMeta analyst and comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) were used for the meta-analysis. The random effect model was used, and publication bias was assessed using the Eggers test and funnel plot. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed, and the sources were analyzed using the leave-one-out meta-analysis, subgroup analysis and meta-regression. Twenty-two studies met the eligibility criteria, but because some studies reported the prevalence of VRE in more than one companion animal, they were considered as individual studies, and 35 studies were therefore added to the final meta-analysis. Sampling period of the included studies was from 1995–2018. Of the 4288 isolates tested in the included studies, 1241 were VRE. The pooled prevalence of VRE in companion animals was estimated at 14.6% (95% CI; 8.7–23.5%; <i>I<sup>2</sup></i> = 97.10%; <i>p</i> < 0.001). Between-study variability was high (<i>t<sup>2</sup></i> = 2.859; heterogeneity <i>I<sup>2</sup></i> = 97.10% with heterogeneity chi-square (<i>Q</i>) = 1173.346, degrees of freedom (df) = 34, and <i>p</i> < 0.001). The funnel plot showed bias, which was confirmed by Eggers test (<i>t</i>-value = 3.97165; <i>p</i> = 0.00036), and estimates from the leave-one-out forest plot did not affect the pooled prevalence. Pooled prevalence of VRE in dogs and cats were 18.2% (CI = 9.4–32.5%) and 12.3%, CI = 3.8–33.1%), respectively. More studies were reported in Europe than in any other continent, with most studies using feces as the sample type and disc diffusion as the detection method. With the emergence of resistant strains, new antimicrobials are required in veterinary medicine. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:21:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fef245d726ab40119d276a6196841198 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:21:26Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-fef245d726ab40119d276a61968411982023-12-03T11:47:53ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822021-01-0110213810.3390/antibiotics10020138Prevalence of Vancomycin-Resistant <i>Enterococcus</i> (VRE) in Companion Animals: The First Meta-Analysis and Systematic ReviewYusuf Wada0Ahmad Adebayo Irekeola1Engku Nur Syafirah E.A.R.2Wardah Yusof3Lee Lih Huey4Suwaiba Ladan Muhammad5Azian Harun6Chan Yean Yean7Abdul Rahman Zaidah8Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, MalaysiaDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, MalaysiaDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, MalaysiaDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, MalaysiaDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, MalaysiaDepartment of Chemical Science, Federal University of Kashere, Gombe PMB 0182, Gombe State, NigeriaDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, MalaysiaDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, MalaysiaDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, MalaysiaAntimicrobial resistance in companion animals is a major public health concern worldwide due to the animals’ zoonotic potential and ability to act as a reservoir for resistant genes. We report on the first use of meta-analysis and a systematic review to analyze the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant <i>Enterococcus</i> (VRE) in companion animals. Databases such as MedLib, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched. The information was extracted by two independent reviewers and the results were reviewed by a third. Two reviewers independently assessed the study protocol using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) checklist and the study quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist for prevalence data. OpenMeta analyst and comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) were used for the meta-analysis. The random effect model was used, and publication bias was assessed using the Eggers test and funnel plot. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed, and the sources were analyzed using the leave-one-out meta-analysis, subgroup analysis and meta-regression. Twenty-two studies met the eligibility criteria, but because some studies reported the prevalence of VRE in more than one companion animal, they were considered as individual studies, and 35 studies were therefore added to the final meta-analysis. Sampling period of the included studies was from 1995–2018. Of the 4288 isolates tested in the included studies, 1241 were VRE. The pooled prevalence of VRE in companion animals was estimated at 14.6% (95% CI; 8.7–23.5%; <i>I<sup>2</sup></i> = 97.10%; <i>p</i> < 0.001). Between-study variability was high (<i>t<sup>2</sup></i> = 2.859; heterogeneity <i>I<sup>2</sup></i> = 97.10% with heterogeneity chi-square (<i>Q</i>) = 1173.346, degrees of freedom (df) = 34, and <i>p</i> < 0.001). The funnel plot showed bias, which was confirmed by Eggers test (<i>t</i>-value = 3.97165; <i>p</i> = 0.00036), and estimates from the leave-one-out forest plot did not affect the pooled prevalence. Pooled prevalence of VRE in dogs and cats were 18.2% (CI = 9.4–32.5%) and 12.3%, CI = 3.8–33.1%), respectively. More studies were reported in Europe than in any other continent, with most studies using feces as the sample type and disc diffusion as the detection method. With the emergence of resistant strains, new antimicrobials are required in veterinary medicine.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/2/138<i>Enterococcus</i>companion animalsvancomycin resistancesystematic reviewmeta-analysis |
| spellingShingle | Yusuf Wada Ahmad Adebayo Irekeola Engku Nur Syafirah E.A.R. Wardah Yusof Lee Lih Huey Suwaiba Ladan Muhammad Azian Harun Chan Yean Yean Abdul Rahman Zaidah Prevalence of Vancomycin-Resistant <i>Enterococcus</i> (VRE) in Companion Animals: The First Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review Antibiotics <i>Enterococcus</i> companion animals vancomycin resistance systematic review meta-analysis |
| title | Prevalence of Vancomycin-Resistant <i>Enterococcus</i> (VRE) in Companion Animals: The First Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review |
| title_full | Prevalence of Vancomycin-Resistant <i>Enterococcus</i> (VRE) in Companion Animals: The First Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence of Vancomycin-Resistant <i>Enterococcus</i> (VRE) in Companion Animals: The First Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence of Vancomycin-Resistant <i>Enterococcus</i> (VRE) in Companion Animals: The First Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review |
| title_short | Prevalence of Vancomycin-Resistant <i>Enterococcus</i> (VRE) in Companion Animals: The First Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review |
| title_sort | prevalence of vancomycin resistant i enterococcus i vre in companion animals the first meta analysis and systematic review |
| topic | <i>Enterococcus</i> companion animals vancomycin resistance systematic review meta-analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/2/138 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yusufwada prevalenceofvancomycinresistantienterococcusivreincompanionanimalsthefirstmetaanalysisandsystematicreview AT ahmadadebayoirekeola prevalenceofvancomycinresistantienterococcusivreincompanionanimalsthefirstmetaanalysisandsystematicreview AT engkunursyafirahear prevalenceofvancomycinresistantienterococcusivreincompanionanimalsthefirstmetaanalysisandsystematicreview AT wardahyusof prevalenceofvancomycinresistantienterococcusivreincompanionanimalsthefirstmetaanalysisandsystematicreview AT leelihhuey prevalenceofvancomycinresistantienterococcusivreincompanionanimalsthefirstmetaanalysisandsystematicreview AT suwaibaladanmuhammad prevalenceofvancomycinresistantienterococcusivreincompanionanimalsthefirstmetaanalysisandsystematicreview AT azianharun prevalenceofvancomycinresistantienterococcusivreincompanionanimalsthefirstmetaanalysisandsystematicreview AT chanyeanyean prevalenceofvancomycinresistantienterococcusivreincompanionanimalsthefirstmetaanalysisandsystematicreview AT abdulrahmanzaidah prevalenceofvancomycinresistantienterococcusivreincompanionanimalsthefirstmetaanalysisandsystematicreview |