A 2D Ray-Tracing Based Model for Wave Propagation Through Forests at Micro-and Millimeter Wave Frequencies
This paper proposes the extension of a 2-D ray-tracing-based model for radiowave propagation in the presence of trees and vegetation areas to include real-sized trees and outdoor forest scenarios. The original propagation model proved to be suitable to characterize the electromagnetic behavior in th...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2018-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8358749/ |
| _version_ | 1818558425498386432 |
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| author | Nuno R. Leonor Manuel Garcia Sanchez Telmo R. Fernandes Rafael F. S. Caldeirinha |
| author_facet | Nuno R. Leonor Manuel Garcia Sanchez Telmo R. Fernandes Rafael F. S. Caldeirinha |
| author_sort | Nuno R. Leonor |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper proposes the extension of a 2-D ray-tracing-based model for radiowave propagation in the presence of trees and vegetation areas to include real-sized trees and outdoor forest scenarios. The original propagation model proved to be suitable to characterize the electromagnetic behavior in the presence of indoor tree formation scenarios, despite some limitations found when applied to real-sized trees. In addition, the original propagation model requires the prior knowledge of the trees' re-radiation function to extract the relevant propagation input parameters, which is not always possible to obtain in outdoor scenarios. Therefore, an empirical method to extract the relevant input propagation parameters based on simple measurements is proposed. The performance of the proposed propagation model extension is extensively assessed in both the line-of-trees and tree formation scenarios, including various (and mixed) species, both in- and out-of-leaf foliation states, and at three signal frequencies. Finally, depending on the type of scenario, a benchmark between the proposed propagation model and both the radiative energy transfer (RET) and discrete RET (dRET) models, for line-of-trees and tree formation, respectively, is presented. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T00:12:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ff03859413df4a94984e41d601320ed3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T00:12:17Z |
| publishDate | 2018-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj.art-ff03859413df4a94984e41d601320ed32022-12-21T23:25:42ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362018-01-016320973210810.1109/ACCESS.2018.28362238358749A 2D Ray-Tracing Based Model for Wave Propagation Through Forests at Micro-and Millimeter Wave FrequenciesNuno R. Leonor0Manuel Garcia Sanchez1Telmo R. Fernandes2Rafael F. S. Caldeirinha3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0297-7870Instituto de Telecomunicações, Leiria, PortugalDepartamento de Teoría do Sinal e Communicacións, University of Vigo, Vigo, SpainInstituto de Telecomunicações, Leiria, PortugalInstituto de Telecomunicações, Leiria, PortugalThis paper proposes the extension of a 2-D ray-tracing-based model for radiowave propagation in the presence of trees and vegetation areas to include real-sized trees and outdoor forest scenarios. The original propagation model proved to be suitable to characterize the electromagnetic behavior in the presence of indoor tree formation scenarios, despite some limitations found when applied to real-sized trees. In addition, the original propagation model requires the prior knowledge of the trees' re-radiation function to extract the relevant propagation input parameters, which is not always possible to obtain in outdoor scenarios. Therefore, an empirical method to extract the relevant input propagation parameters based on simple measurements is proposed. The performance of the proposed propagation model extension is extensively assessed in both the line-of-trees and tree formation scenarios, including various (and mixed) species, both in- and out-of-leaf foliation states, and at three signal frequencies. Finally, depending on the type of scenario, a benchmark between the proposed propagation model and both the radiative energy transfer (RET) and discrete RET (dRET) models, for line-of-trees and tree formation, respectively, is presented.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8358749/Millimeter wave radio propagationmodelingray tracingscatteringvegetation |
| spellingShingle | Nuno R. Leonor Manuel Garcia Sanchez Telmo R. Fernandes Rafael F. S. Caldeirinha A 2D Ray-Tracing Based Model for Wave Propagation Through Forests at Micro-and Millimeter Wave Frequencies IEEE Access Millimeter wave radio propagation modeling ray tracing scattering vegetation |
| title | A 2D Ray-Tracing Based Model for Wave Propagation Through Forests at Micro-and Millimeter Wave Frequencies |
| title_full | A 2D Ray-Tracing Based Model for Wave Propagation Through Forests at Micro-and Millimeter Wave Frequencies |
| title_fullStr | A 2D Ray-Tracing Based Model for Wave Propagation Through Forests at Micro-and Millimeter Wave Frequencies |
| title_full_unstemmed | A 2D Ray-Tracing Based Model for Wave Propagation Through Forests at Micro-and Millimeter Wave Frequencies |
| title_short | A 2D Ray-Tracing Based Model for Wave Propagation Through Forests at Micro-and Millimeter Wave Frequencies |
| title_sort | 2d ray tracing based model for wave propagation through forests at micro and millimeter wave frequencies |
| topic | Millimeter wave radio propagation modeling ray tracing scattering vegetation |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8358749/ |
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