Solvent Responsive Self‐Folding of 3D Photosensitive Graphene Architectures
Stimuli responsive self‐folding structures with 2D layered materials (2DLMs) are important for flexible electronics, wearables, biosensors, bioelectronics, and photonics. Previously, strategies have been developed to self‐fold 2D materials to form various robots, sensors, and actuators. Still, there...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Advanced Intelligent Systems |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202000195 |
| _version_ | 1797842547698040832 |
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| author | Qi Huang Tao Deng Weinan Xu ChangKyu Yoon Zhao Qin Yida Lin Tengfei Li Yuqian Yang Michael Shen Susanna M. Thon Jacob B. Khurgin David H. Gracias |
| author_facet | Qi Huang Tao Deng Weinan Xu ChangKyu Yoon Zhao Qin Yida Lin Tengfei Li Yuqian Yang Michael Shen Susanna M. Thon Jacob B. Khurgin David H. Gracias |
| author_sort | Qi Huang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Stimuli responsive self‐folding structures with 2D layered materials (2DLMs) are important for flexible electronics, wearables, biosensors, bioelectronics, and photonics. Previously, strategies have been developed to self‐fold 2D materials to form various robots, sensors, and actuators. Still, there are limitations with scalability and a lack of design tools to obtain complex structures for reversible actuation, high integration, and reliable function. Herein, a mass‐producible strategy for creating monolayer graphene‐based reversible self‐folding structures using either gradient or differentially cross‐linked films of a negative epoxy photoresist widely used in microfluidics and micromechanical systems, namely, SU8 is demonstrated. Wafer‐scale patterning and integration of complex and functional devices in the form of rings, polyhedra, flowers, and bidirectionally folded origami birds are achieved. Also, gold (Au) electrodes to realize functional graphene–Au Schottky interfaces with enhanced photoresponse and 3D angle sensitive detection are integrated. The experiments are guided and rationalized by theoretical methods including coarse‐grained models, specifically developed for the tunable mechanics of this photoresist that simulate the folding dynamics, and finite element method (FEM) electromagnetic simulations. This work suggests a comprehensive framework for the rational design and scalable fabrication of complex 3D self‐actuating optical and electronic devices through the folding of 2D monolayer graphene. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T16:49:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ff0cdec2dcf3489a889faac4397428e7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2640-4567 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T16:49:42Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Advanced Intelligent Systems |
| spelling | doaj.art-ff0cdec2dcf3489a889faac4397428e72023-04-22T02:52:33ZengWileyAdvanced Intelligent Systems2640-45672023-04-0154n/an/a10.1002/aisy.202000195Solvent Responsive Self‐Folding of 3D Photosensitive Graphene ArchitecturesQi Huang0Tao Deng1Weinan Xu2ChangKyu Yoon3Zhao Qin4Yida Lin5Tengfei Li6Yuqian Yang7Michael Shen8Susanna M. Thon9Jacob B. Khurgin10David H. Gracias11Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USADepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USADepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USADepartment of Materials Science and Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USADepartment of Civil & Environmental Engineering Syracuse University Syracuse NY 13244 USADepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USADepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USADepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USADepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USADepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USADepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USADepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USAStimuli responsive self‐folding structures with 2D layered materials (2DLMs) are important for flexible electronics, wearables, biosensors, bioelectronics, and photonics. Previously, strategies have been developed to self‐fold 2D materials to form various robots, sensors, and actuators. Still, there are limitations with scalability and a lack of design tools to obtain complex structures for reversible actuation, high integration, and reliable function. Herein, a mass‐producible strategy for creating monolayer graphene‐based reversible self‐folding structures using either gradient or differentially cross‐linked films of a negative epoxy photoresist widely used in microfluidics and micromechanical systems, namely, SU8 is demonstrated. Wafer‐scale patterning and integration of complex and functional devices in the form of rings, polyhedra, flowers, and bidirectionally folded origami birds are achieved. Also, gold (Au) electrodes to realize functional graphene–Au Schottky interfaces with enhanced photoresponse and 3D angle sensitive detection are integrated. The experiments are guided and rationalized by theoretical methods including coarse‐grained models, specifically developed for the tunable mechanics of this photoresist that simulate the folding dynamics, and finite element method (FEM) electromagnetic simulations. This work suggests a comprehensive framework for the rational design and scalable fabrication of complex 3D self‐actuating optical and electronic devices through the folding of 2D monolayer graphene.https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.2020001952D materialsactuatorselectronicsmicrofabricationoptics |
| spellingShingle | Qi Huang Tao Deng Weinan Xu ChangKyu Yoon Zhao Qin Yida Lin Tengfei Li Yuqian Yang Michael Shen Susanna M. Thon Jacob B. Khurgin David H. Gracias Solvent Responsive Self‐Folding of 3D Photosensitive Graphene Architectures Advanced Intelligent Systems 2D materials actuators electronics microfabrication optics |
| title | Solvent Responsive Self‐Folding of 3D Photosensitive Graphene Architectures |
| title_full | Solvent Responsive Self‐Folding of 3D Photosensitive Graphene Architectures |
| title_fullStr | Solvent Responsive Self‐Folding of 3D Photosensitive Graphene Architectures |
| title_full_unstemmed | Solvent Responsive Self‐Folding of 3D Photosensitive Graphene Architectures |
| title_short | Solvent Responsive Self‐Folding of 3D Photosensitive Graphene Architectures |
| title_sort | solvent responsive self folding of 3d photosensitive graphene architectures |
| topic | 2D materials actuators electronics microfabrication optics |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202000195 |
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