Processing of Metals and Metalloids by <i>Actinobacteria</i>: Cell Resistance Mechanisms and Synthesis of Metal(loid)-Based Nanostructures
Metal(loid)s have a dual biological role as micronutrients and stress agents. A few geochemical and natural processes can cause their release in the environment, although most metal-contaminated sites derive from anthropogenic activities. Actinobacteria include high GC bacteria that inhabit a wide r...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/12/2027 |
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| author | Alessandro Presentato Elena Piacenza Raymond J. Turner Davide Zannoni Martina Cappelletti |
| author_facet | Alessandro Presentato Elena Piacenza Raymond J. Turner Davide Zannoni Martina Cappelletti |
| author_sort | Alessandro Presentato |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Metal(loid)s have a dual biological role as micronutrients and stress agents. A few geochemical and natural processes can cause their release in the environment, although most metal-contaminated sites derive from anthropogenic activities. Actinobacteria include high GC bacteria that inhabit a wide range of terrestrial and aquatic ecological niches, where they play essential roles in recycling or transforming organic and inorganic substances. The metal(loid) tolerance and/or resistance of several members of this phylum rely on mechanisms such as biosorption and extracellular sequestration by siderophores and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), bioaccumulation, biotransformation, and metal efflux processes, which overall contribute to maintaining metal homeostasis. Considering the bioprocessing potential of metal(loid)s by Actinobacteria, the development of bioremediation strategies to reclaim metal-contaminated environments has gained scientific and economic interests. Moreover, the ability of Actinobacteria to produce nanoscale materials with intriguing physical-chemical and biological properties emphasizes the technological value of these biotic approaches. Given these premises, this review summarizes the strategies used by Actinobacteria to cope with metal(loid) toxicity and their undoubted role in bioremediation and bionanotechnology fields. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:58:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ff17896557ad48e2b2c30b514b4f9e4d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:58:42Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-ff17896557ad48e2b2c30b514b4f9e4d2023-11-21T01:27:31ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072020-12-01812202710.3390/microorganisms8122027Processing of Metals and Metalloids by <i>Actinobacteria</i>: Cell Resistance Mechanisms and Synthesis of Metal(loid)-Based NanostructuresAlessandro Presentato0Elena Piacenza1Raymond J. Turner2Davide Zannoni3Martina Cappelletti4Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Biological Sciences, Calgary University, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, CanadaDepartment of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, ItalyMetal(loid)s have a dual biological role as micronutrients and stress agents. A few geochemical and natural processes can cause their release in the environment, although most metal-contaminated sites derive from anthropogenic activities. Actinobacteria include high GC bacteria that inhabit a wide range of terrestrial and aquatic ecological niches, where they play essential roles in recycling or transforming organic and inorganic substances. The metal(loid) tolerance and/or resistance of several members of this phylum rely on mechanisms such as biosorption and extracellular sequestration by siderophores and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), bioaccumulation, biotransformation, and metal efflux processes, which overall contribute to maintaining metal homeostasis. Considering the bioprocessing potential of metal(loid)s by Actinobacteria, the development of bioremediation strategies to reclaim metal-contaminated environments has gained scientific and economic interests. Moreover, the ability of Actinobacteria to produce nanoscale materials with intriguing physical-chemical and biological properties emphasizes the technological value of these biotic approaches. Given these premises, this review summarizes the strategies used by Actinobacteria to cope with metal(loid) toxicity and their undoubted role in bioremediation and bionanotechnology fields.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/12/2027metal resistance mechanismsactinobacteriametal stress responsemetal-based nanostructuresbiogenic nanoscale materials |
| spellingShingle | Alessandro Presentato Elena Piacenza Raymond J. Turner Davide Zannoni Martina Cappelletti Processing of Metals and Metalloids by <i>Actinobacteria</i>: Cell Resistance Mechanisms and Synthesis of Metal(loid)-Based Nanostructures Microorganisms metal resistance mechanisms actinobacteria metal stress response metal-based nanostructures biogenic nanoscale materials |
| title | Processing of Metals and Metalloids by <i>Actinobacteria</i>: Cell Resistance Mechanisms and Synthesis of Metal(loid)-Based Nanostructures |
| title_full | Processing of Metals and Metalloids by <i>Actinobacteria</i>: Cell Resistance Mechanisms and Synthesis of Metal(loid)-Based Nanostructures |
| title_fullStr | Processing of Metals and Metalloids by <i>Actinobacteria</i>: Cell Resistance Mechanisms and Synthesis of Metal(loid)-Based Nanostructures |
| title_full_unstemmed | Processing of Metals and Metalloids by <i>Actinobacteria</i>: Cell Resistance Mechanisms and Synthesis of Metal(loid)-Based Nanostructures |
| title_short | Processing of Metals and Metalloids by <i>Actinobacteria</i>: Cell Resistance Mechanisms and Synthesis of Metal(loid)-Based Nanostructures |
| title_sort | processing of metals and metalloids by i actinobacteria i cell resistance mechanisms and synthesis of metal loid based nanostructures |
| topic | metal resistance mechanisms actinobacteria metal stress response metal-based nanostructures biogenic nanoscale materials |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/12/2027 |
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