Investigation the determinants of pharmaceutical expenditure share of GDP in Iran and selected OECD countries
Aim This study estimated the GDP share of pharmaceuticals in Iran based on the drivers of pharmaceutical expenditure and compared it with that of 31 members of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Subject and methods The factors contributing to pharmaceutical expenditure...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40545-021-00371-2 |
| _version_ | 1797401320719646720 |
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| author | Azin Kadkhodamanesh Vida Varahrami Leila Zarei Farzad Peiravian Mohammad Hadidi Nazila Yousefi |
| author_facet | Azin Kadkhodamanesh Vida Varahrami Leila Zarei Farzad Peiravian Mohammad Hadidi Nazila Yousefi |
| author_sort | Azin Kadkhodamanesh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aim This study estimated the GDP share of pharmaceuticals in Iran based on the drivers of pharmaceutical expenditure and compared it with that of 31 members of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Subject and methods The factors contributing to pharmaceutical expenditure were identified through literature review and studied by 8 experts to classify the factors. Then, using the panel data method, a model was built to estimate the GDP share of pharmaceutical expenditure based on the extracted factors of the selected countries in Iran’s model. To explain the observed differences, several regression analyses were performed based on cross-sectional data. The analyses were performed using EVIEWS software, version 10. Results The explanatory variables for the selected countries in the panel model (R 2 = 0.98) were specified. Government health expenditure (β = 0.1432), the share of generic drugs (β = − 0.0143), gross domestic product (GDP) per capita (β = − 0.0058) and the rate of disability-adjusted life-years (DALY) (β = 0.0028) contributed most to pharmaceutical expenditure. In comparison, in the Iranian estimation model (R 2 = 0.84), government health expenditure (β = 0.0536) and the share of generic drugs (β = 0.0369) had a significant impact on pharmaceutical expenditure. In the estimation model with more estimators for Iran (R 2 = 0.99), government health expenditure (β = 0.1694), disease prevalence (β = 0.0537), the share of generic drugs (β = 0.0102), the DALY rate (β = 0.0039), GDP per capita (β = − 0.0033), and the drug price index (β = 0.0007) contribute most to pharmaceutical expenditure. Conclusion In the models of the study, factors related to the structure of the healthcare system and the pharmaceutical system contributed most to pharmaceutical expenditure as a share of GDP. Moreover, disease profiles show its predictive role in the second model for Iran. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T02:08:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ff1d9c11913f4006a63178195fbe4be0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2052-3211 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T02:08:23Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice |
| spelling | doaj.art-ff1d9c11913f4006a63178195fbe4be02023-12-07T15:28:04ZengTaylor & Francis GroupJournal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice2052-32112021-12-0114110.1186/s40545-021-00371-212315282Investigation the determinants of pharmaceutical expenditure share of GDP in Iran and selected OECD countriesAzin Kadkhodamanesh0Vida Varahrami1Leila Zarei2Farzad Peiravian3Mohammad Hadidi4Nazila Yousefi5School of Pharmacy,Department of Economics,Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health,Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharma Management, School of Pharmacy,School of Pharmacy,Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharma Management, School of Pharmacy,Aim This study estimated the GDP share of pharmaceuticals in Iran based on the drivers of pharmaceutical expenditure and compared it with that of 31 members of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Subject and methods The factors contributing to pharmaceutical expenditure were identified through literature review and studied by 8 experts to classify the factors. Then, using the panel data method, a model was built to estimate the GDP share of pharmaceutical expenditure based on the extracted factors of the selected countries in Iran’s model. To explain the observed differences, several regression analyses were performed based on cross-sectional data. The analyses were performed using EVIEWS software, version 10. Results The explanatory variables for the selected countries in the panel model (R 2 = 0.98) were specified. Government health expenditure (β = 0.1432), the share of generic drugs (β = − 0.0143), gross domestic product (GDP) per capita (β = − 0.0058) and the rate of disability-adjusted life-years (DALY) (β = 0.0028) contributed most to pharmaceutical expenditure. In comparison, in the Iranian estimation model (R 2 = 0.84), government health expenditure (β = 0.0536) and the share of generic drugs (β = 0.0369) had a significant impact on pharmaceutical expenditure. In the estimation model with more estimators for Iran (R 2 = 0.99), government health expenditure (β = 0.1694), disease prevalence (β = 0.0537), the share of generic drugs (β = 0.0102), the DALY rate (β = 0.0039), GDP per capita (β = − 0.0033), and the drug price index (β = 0.0007) contribute most to pharmaceutical expenditure. Conclusion In the models of the study, factors related to the structure of the healthcare system and the pharmaceutical system contributed most to pharmaceutical expenditure as a share of GDP. Moreover, disease profiles show its predictive role in the second model for Iran.http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40545-021-00371-2pharmaceutical expenditurepanel datatime-series regressionhealth systempharmaceutical system |
| spellingShingle | Azin Kadkhodamanesh Vida Varahrami Leila Zarei Farzad Peiravian Mohammad Hadidi Nazila Yousefi Investigation the determinants of pharmaceutical expenditure share of GDP in Iran and selected OECD countries Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice pharmaceutical expenditure panel data time-series regression health system pharmaceutical system |
| title | Investigation the determinants of pharmaceutical expenditure share of GDP in Iran and selected OECD countries |
| title_full | Investigation the determinants of pharmaceutical expenditure share of GDP in Iran and selected OECD countries |
| title_fullStr | Investigation the determinants of pharmaceutical expenditure share of GDP in Iran and selected OECD countries |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigation the determinants of pharmaceutical expenditure share of GDP in Iran and selected OECD countries |
| title_short | Investigation the determinants of pharmaceutical expenditure share of GDP in Iran and selected OECD countries |
| title_sort | investigation the determinants of pharmaceutical expenditure share of gdp in iran and selected oecd countries |
| topic | pharmaceutical expenditure panel data time-series regression health system pharmaceutical system |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40545-021-00371-2 |
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