The importance of bank vole density and rainy winters in predicting nephropathia epidemica incidence in Northern Sweden.

Pathogenic hantaviruses (family Bunyaviridae, genus Hantavirus) are rodent-borne viruses causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Eurasia. In Europe, there are more than 10,000 yearly cases of nephropathia epidemica (NE), a mild form of HFRS caused by Puumala virus (PUUV). The common...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Hussein Khalil, Gert Olsson, Frauke Ecke, Magnus Evander, Marika Hjertqvist, Magnus Magnusson, Mikaell Ottosson Löfvenius, Birger Hörnfeldt
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4229113?pdf=render
_version_ 1818478957051248640
author Hussein Khalil
Gert Olsson
Frauke Ecke
Magnus Evander
Marika Hjertqvist
Magnus Magnusson
Mikaell Ottosson Löfvenius
Birger Hörnfeldt
author_facet Hussein Khalil
Gert Olsson
Frauke Ecke
Magnus Evander
Marika Hjertqvist
Magnus Magnusson
Mikaell Ottosson Löfvenius
Birger Hörnfeldt
author_sort Hussein Khalil
collection DOAJ
description Pathogenic hantaviruses (family Bunyaviridae, genus Hantavirus) are rodent-borne viruses causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Eurasia. In Europe, there are more than 10,000 yearly cases of nephropathia epidemica (NE), a mild form of HFRS caused by Puumala virus (PUUV). The common and widely distributed bank vole (Myodes glareolus) is the host of PUUV. In this study, we aim to explain and predict NE incidence in boreal Sweden using bank vole densities. We tested whether the number of rainy days in winter contributed to variation in NE incidence. We forecast NE incidence in July 2013-June 2014 using projected autumn vole density, and then considering two climatic scenarios: 1) rain-free winter and 2) winter with many rainy days. Autumn vole density was a strong explanatory variable of NE incidence in boreal Sweden in 1990-2012 (R2 = 79%, p<0.001). Adding the number of rainy winter days improved the model (R2 = 84%, p<0.05). We report for the first time that risk of NE is higher in winters with many rainy days. Rain on snow and ground icing may block vole access to subnivean space. Seeking refuge from adverse conditions and shelter from predators, voles may infest buildings, increasing infection risk. In a rainy winter scenario, we predicted 812 NE cases in boreal Sweden, triple the number of cases predicted in a rain-free winter in 2013/2014. Our model enables identification of high risk years when preparedness in the public health sector is crucial, as a rainy winter would accentuate risk.
first_indexed 2024-12-10T09:54:44Z
format Article
id doaj.art-ff20e5393fe44551a2b87aea59b351f3
institution Directory Open Access Journal
issn 1932-6203
language English
last_indexed 2024-12-10T09:54:44Z
publishDate 2014-01-01
publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
record_format Article
series PLoS ONE
spelling doaj.art-ff20e5393fe44551a2b87aea59b351f32022-12-22T01:53:32ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032014-01-01911e11166310.1371/journal.pone.0111663The importance of bank vole density and rainy winters in predicting nephropathia epidemica incidence in Northern Sweden.Hussein KhalilGert OlssonFrauke EckeMagnus EvanderMarika HjertqvistMagnus MagnussonMikaell Ottosson LöfveniusBirger HörnfeldtPathogenic hantaviruses (family Bunyaviridae, genus Hantavirus) are rodent-borne viruses causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Eurasia. In Europe, there are more than 10,000 yearly cases of nephropathia epidemica (NE), a mild form of HFRS caused by Puumala virus (PUUV). The common and widely distributed bank vole (Myodes glareolus) is the host of PUUV. In this study, we aim to explain and predict NE incidence in boreal Sweden using bank vole densities. We tested whether the number of rainy days in winter contributed to variation in NE incidence. We forecast NE incidence in July 2013-June 2014 using projected autumn vole density, and then considering two climatic scenarios: 1) rain-free winter and 2) winter with many rainy days. Autumn vole density was a strong explanatory variable of NE incidence in boreal Sweden in 1990-2012 (R2 = 79%, p<0.001). Adding the number of rainy winter days improved the model (R2 = 84%, p<0.05). We report for the first time that risk of NE is higher in winters with many rainy days. Rain on snow and ground icing may block vole access to subnivean space. Seeking refuge from adverse conditions and shelter from predators, voles may infest buildings, increasing infection risk. In a rainy winter scenario, we predicted 812 NE cases in boreal Sweden, triple the number of cases predicted in a rain-free winter in 2013/2014. Our model enables identification of high risk years when preparedness in the public health sector is crucial, as a rainy winter would accentuate risk.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4229113?pdf=render
spellingShingle Hussein Khalil
Gert Olsson
Frauke Ecke
Magnus Evander
Marika Hjertqvist
Magnus Magnusson
Mikaell Ottosson Löfvenius
Birger Hörnfeldt
The importance of bank vole density and rainy winters in predicting nephropathia epidemica incidence in Northern Sweden.
PLoS ONE
title The importance of bank vole density and rainy winters in predicting nephropathia epidemica incidence in Northern Sweden.
title_full The importance of bank vole density and rainy winters in predicting nephropathia epidemica incidence in Northern Sweden.
title_fullStr The importance of bank vole density and rainy winters in predicting nephropathia epidemica incidence in Northern Sweden.
title_full_unstemmed The importance of bank vole density and rainy winters in predicting nephropathia epidemica incidence in Northern Sweden.
title_short The importance of bank vole density and rainy winters in predicting nephropathia epidemica incidence in Northern Sweden.
title_sort importance of bank vole density and rainy winters in predicting nephropathia epidemica incidence in northern sweden
url http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4229113?pdf=render
work_keys_str_mv AT husseinkhalil theimportanceofbankvoledensityandrainywintersinpredictingnephropathiaepidemicaincidenceinnorthernsweden
AT gertolsson theimportanceofbankvoledensityandrainywintersinpredictingnephropathiaepidemicaincidenceinnorthernsweden
AT fraukeecke theimportanceofbankvoledensityandrainywintersinpredictingnephropathiaepidemicaincidenceinnorthernsweden
AT magnusevander theimportanceofbankvoledensityandrainywintersinpredictingnephropathiaepidemicaincidenceinnorthernsweden
AT marikahjertqvist theimportanceofbankvoledensityandrainywintersinpredictingnephropathiaepidemicaincidenceinnorthernsweden
AT magnusmagnusson theimportanceofbankvoledensityandrainywintersinpredictingnephropathiaepidemicaincidenceinnorthernsweden
AT mikaellottossonlofvenius theimportanceofbankvoledensityandrainywintersinpredictingnephropathiaepidemicaincidenceinnorthernsweden
AT birgerhornfeldt theimportanceofbankvoledensityandrainywintersinpredictingnephropathiaepidemicaincidenceinnorthernsweden
AT husseinkhalil importanceofbankvoledensityandrainywintersinpredictingnephropathiaepidemicaincidenceinnorthernsweden
AT gertolsson importanceofbankvoledensityandrainywintersinpredictingnephropathiaepidemicaincidenceinnorthernsweden
AT fraukeecke importanceofbankvoledensityandrainywintersinpredictingnephropathiaepidemicaincidenceinnorthernsweden
AT magnusevander importanceofbankvoledensityandrainywintersinpredictingnephropathiaepidemicaincidenceinnorthernsweden
AT marikahjertqvist importanceofbankvoledensityandrainywintersinpredictingnephropathiaepidemicaincidenceinnorthernsweden
AT magnusmagnusson importanceofbankvoledensityandrainywintersinpredictingnephropathiaepidemicaincidenceinnorthernsweden
AT mikaellottossonlofvenius importanceofbankvoledensityandrainywintersinpredictingnephropathiaepidemicaincidenceinnorthernsweden
AT birgerhornfeldt importanceofbankvoledensityandrainywintersinpredictingnephropathiaepidemicaincidenceinnorthernsweden