<i>HWA1</i>- and <i>HWA2</i>-Mediated Hybrid Weakness in Rice Involves Cell Death, Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation, and Disease Resistance-Related Gene Upregulation
Hybrid weakness is a type of reproductive isolation in which F<sub>1</sub> hybrids of normal parents exhibit weaker growth characteristics than their parents. F<sub>1</sub> hybrid of the <i>Oryza sativa</i> Indian cultivars ‘P.T.B.7′ and &#...
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MDPI AG
2019-10-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| author | Kumpei Shiragaki Takahiro Iizuka Katsuyuki Ichitani Tsutomu Kuboyama Toshinobu Morikawa Masayuki Oda Takahiro Tezuka |
| author_facet | Kumpei Shiragaki Takahiro Iizuka Katsuyuki Ichitani Tsutomu Kuboyama Toshinobu Morikawa Masayuki Oda Takahiro Tezuka |
| author_sort | Kumpei Shiragaki |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hybrid weakness is a type of reproductive isolation in which F<sub>1</sub> hybrids of normal parents exhibit weaker growth characteristics than their parents. F<sub>1</sub> hybrid of the <i>Oryza sativa</i> Indian cultivars ‘P.T.B.7′ and ‘A.D.T.14′ exhibits hybrid weakness that is associated with the <i>HWA1</i> and <i>HWA2</i> loci. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to analyze the hybrid weakness phenotype of the ‘P.T.B.7′ × ‘A.D.T.14′ hybrids. The height and tiller number of the F<sub>1</sub> hybrid were lower than those of either parent, and F<sub>1</sub> hybrid also exhibited leaf yellowing that was not observed in either parent. In addition, the present study demonstrates that SPAD values, an index correlated with chlorophyll content, are effective for evaluating the progression of hybrid weakness that is associated with the <i>HWA1</i> and <i>HWA2</i> loci because it accurately reflects degree of leaf yellowing. Both cell death and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, a reactive oxygen species, were detected in the yellowing leaves of the F<sub>1</sub> hybrid. Furthermore, disease resistance-related genes were upregulated in the yellowing leaves of the F<sub>1</sub> hybrids, whereas photosynthesis-related genes tended to be downregulated. These results suggest that the hybrid weakness associated with the <i>HWA1</i> and <i>HWA2</i> loci involves hypersensitive response-like mechanisms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T18:05:58Z |
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| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T18:05:58Z |
| publishDate | 2019-10-01 |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-ff27a140ad184c7e81006c1924dfef152022-12-22T04:10:20ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472019-10-0181145010.3390/plants8110450plants8110450<i>HWA1</i>- and <i>HWA2</i>-Mediated Hybrid Weakness in Rice Involves Cell Death, Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation, and Disease Resistance-Related Gene UpregulationKumpei Shiragaki0Takahiro Iizuka1Katsuyuki Ichitani2Tsutomu Kuboyama3Toshinobu Morikawa4Masayuki Oda5Takahiro Tezuka6Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, JapanGraduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, JapanFaculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, JapanCollege of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1 Chuo, Ami, Ibaraki 300-0393, JapanGraduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, JapanGraduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, JapanGraduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, JapanHybrid weakness is a type of reproductive isolation in which F<sub>1</sub> hybrids of normal parents exhibit weaker growth characteristics than their parents. F<sub>1</sub> hybrid of the <i>Oryza sativa</i> Indian cultivars ‘P.T.B.7′ and ‘A.D.T.14′ exhibits hybrid weakness that is associated with the <i>HWA1</i> and <i>HWA2</i> loci. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to analyze the hybrid weakness phenotype of the ‘P.T.B.7′ × ‘A.D.T.14′ hybrids. The height and tiller number of the F<sub>1</sub> hybrid were lower than those of either parent, and F<sub>1</sub> hybrid also exhibited leaf yellowing that was not observed in either parent. In addition, the present study demonstrates that SPAD values, an index correlated with chlorophyll content, are effective for evaluating the progression of hybrid weakness that is associated with the <i>HWA1</i> and <i>HWA2</i> loci because it accurately reflects degree of leaf yellowing. Both cell death and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, a reactive oxygen species, were detected in the yellowing leaves of the F<sub>1</sub> hybrid. Furthermore, disease resistance-related genes were upregulated in the yellowing leaves of the F<sub>1</sub> hybrids, whereas photosynthesis-related genes tended to be downregulated. These results suggest that the hybrid weakness associated with the <i>HWA1</i> and <i>HWA2</i> loci involves hypersensitive response-like mechanisms.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/8/11/450<i>oryza sativa</i>hybrid weaknesscell deathreactive oxygen speciesleaf yellowingspadhypersensitive response |
| spellingShingle | Kumpei Shiragaki Takahiro Iizuka Katsuyuki Ichitani Tsutomu Kuboyama Toshinobu Morikawa Masayuki Oda Takahiro Tezuka <i>HWA1</i>- and <i>HWA2</i>-Mediated Hybrid Weakness in Rice Involves Cell Death, Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation, and Disease Resistance-Related Gene Upregulation Plants <i>oryza sativa</i> hybrid weakness cell death reactive oxygen species leaf yellowing spad hypersensitive response |
| title | <i>HWA1</i>- and <i>HWA2</i>-Mediated Hybrid Weakness in Rice Involves Cell Death, Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation, and Disease Resistance-Related Gene Upregulation |
| title_full | <i>HWA1</i>- and <i>HWA2</i>-Mediated Hybrid Weakness in Rice Involves Cell Death, Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation, and Disease Resistance-Related Gene Upregulation |
| title_fullStr | <i>HWA1</i>- and <i>HWA2</i>-Mediated Hybrid Weakness in Rice Involves Cell Death, Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation, and Disease Resistance-Related Gene Upregulation |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>HWA1</i>- and <i>HWA2</i>-Mediated Hybrid Weakness in Rice Involves Cell Death, Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation, and Disease Resistance-Related Gene Upregulation |
| title_short | <i>HWA1</i>- and <i>HWA2</i>-Mediated Hybrid Weakness in Rice Involves Cell Death, Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation, and Disease Resistance-Related Gene Upregulation |
| title_sort | i hwa1 i and i hwa2 i mediated hybrid weakness in rice involves cell death reactive oxygen species accumulation and disease resistance related gene upregulation |
| topic | <i>oryza sativa</i> hybrid weakness cell death reactive oxygen species leaf yellowing spad hypersensitive response |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/8/11/450 |
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