Effects of Winter Heating on Urban Black Carbon: Characteristics, Sources and Its Correlation with Meteorological Factors
Coal combustion for winter heating is a major source of heavy atmospheric pollution in China, while its impacts on black carbon (BC) are not yet clear. A dual-spot Aethalometer was selected to monitor the atmospheric BC concentration in Zhengzhou, China, during the heating season, which is from 15 N...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/7/1071 |
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| author | Xinyu Liu Yangbing Wei Xinhui Liu Lei Zu Bowen Wang Shenbo Wang Ruiqin Zhang Rencheng Zhu |
| author_facet | Xinyu Liu Yangbing Wei Xinhui Liu Lei Zu Bowen Wang Shenbo Wang Ruiqin Zhang Rencheng Zhu |
| author_sort | Xinyu Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Coal combustion for winter heating is a major source of heavy atmospheric pollution in China, while its impacts on black carbon (BC) are not yet clear. A dual-spot Aethalometer was selected to monitor the atmospheric BC concentration in Zhengzhou, China, during the heating season, which is from 15 November through 15 March of the following year, and the non-heating season (days other than heating season). The characteristics and sources of BC were analyzed, and a concentration weight trajectory (CWT) analysis was conducted. The results showed that the BC concentrations in the heating season were generally higher than those in the non-heating season. The diurnal variation in BC concentrations during heating season was bimodal, and that during the non-heating season was unimodal. The α-values in the heating and non-heating seasons indicated that combustion of coal and biomass and vehicle emissions were the major BC sources for the heating season and non-heating season, respectively. BC concentrations were positively correlated with PM<sub>2.5</sub>, PM<sub>10</sub>, CO, and NO<sub>X</sub>. There was a strong negative correlation between wind speed and BC concentrations, and that for relative humidity was the opposite. BC concentration during heating season was mainly influenced by the northwestern areas of China and the eastern part of Henan, and that in the non-heating season was mainly from the northeastern areas of China and southern Henan. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:16:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ff30c915fadb4a679f0c4c1135112c86 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:16:24Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-ff30c915fadb4a679f0c4c1135112c862023-11-30T22:46:48ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332022-07-01137107110.3390/atmos13071071Effects of Winter Heating on Urban Black Carbon: Characteristics, Sources and Its Correlation with Meteorological FactorsXinyu Liu0Yangbing Wei1Xinhui Liu2Lei Zu3Bowen Wang4Shenbo Wang5Ruiqin Zhang6Rencheng Zhu7School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaSchool of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaSchool of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, ChinaVehicle Emission Control Center, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, ChinaVehicle Emission Control Center, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, ChinaSchool of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaSchool of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaSchool of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaCoal combustion for winter heating is a major source of heavy atmospheric pollution in China, while its impacts on black carbon (BC) are not yet clear. A dual-spot Aethalometer was selected to monitor the atmospheric BC concentration in Zhengzhou, China, during the heating season, which is from 15 November through 15 March of the following year, and the non-heating season (days other than heating season). The characteristics and sources of BC were analyzed, and a concentration weight trajectory (CWT) analysis was conducted. The results showed that the BC concentrations in the heating season were generally higher than those in the non-heating season. The diurnal variation in BC concentrations during heating season was bimodal, and that during the non-heating season was unimodal. The α-values in the heating and non-heating seasons indicated that combustion of coal and biomass and vehicle emissions were the major BC sources for the heating season and non-heating season, respectively. BC concentrations were positively correlated with PM<sub>2.5</sub>, PM<sub>10</sub>, CO, and NO<sub>X</sub>. There was a strong negative correlation between wind speed and BC concentrations, and that for relative humidity was the opposite. BC concentration during heating season was mainly influenced by the northwestern areas of China and the eastern part of Henan, and that in the non-heating season was mainly from the northeastern areas of China and southern Henan.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/7/1071black carbonheating season and non-heating seasonsource apportionmentmeteorological elementstrajectory clustering analysis |
| spellingShingle | Xinyu Liu Yangbing Wei Xinhui Liu Lei Zu Bowen Wang Shenbo Wang Ruiqin Zhang Rencheng Zhu Effects of Winter Heating on Urban Black Carbon: Characteristics, Sources and Its Correlation with Meteorological Factors Atmosphere black carbon heating season and non-heating season source apportionment meteorological elements trajectory clustering analysis |
| title | Effects of Winter Heating on Urban Black Carbon: Characteristics, Sources and Its Correlation with Meteorological Factors |
| title_full | Effects of Winter Heating on Urban Black Carbon: Characteristics, Sources and Its Correlation with Meteorological Factors |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Winter Heating on Urban Black Carbon: Characteristics, Sources and Its Correlation with Meteorological Factors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Winter Heating on Urban Black Carbon: Characteristics, Sources and Its Correlation with Meteorological Factors |
| title_short | Effects of Winter Heating on Urban Black Carbon: Characteristics, Sources and Its Correlation with Meteorological Factors |
| title_sort | effects of winter heating on urban black carbon characteristics sources and its correlation with meteorological factors |
| topic | black carbon heating season and non-heating season source apportionment meteorological elements trajectory clustering analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/7/1071 |
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