Regulation of Autophagy by Glucose in Mammalian Cells
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process that contributes to maintain cell homeostasis. Although it is strongly regulated by many extracellular factors, induction of autophagy is mainly produced by starvation of nutrients. In mammalian cells, the regulation of autophagy by amino acids, and a...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2012-07-01
|
| Series: | Cells |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/1/3/372 |
| _version_ | 1797727758963441664 |
|---|---|
| author | Erwin Knecht Félix Moruno Eva Pérez-Jiménez |
| author_facet | Erwin Knecht Félix Moruno Eva Pérez-Jiménez |
| author_sort | Erwin Knecht |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process that contributes to maintain cell homeostasis. Although it is strongly regulated by many extracellular factors, induction of autophagy is mainly produced by starvation of nutrients. In mammalian cells, the regulation of autophagy by amino acids, and also by the hormone insulin, has been extensively investigated, but knowledge about the effects of other autophagy regulators, including another nutrient, glucose, is more limited. Here we will focus on the signalling pathways by which environmental glucose directly, i.e., independently of insulin and glucagon, regulates autophagy in mammalian cells, but we will also briefly mention some data in yeast. Although glucose deprivation mainly induces autophagy via AMPK activation and the subsequent inhibition of mTORC1, we will also comment other signalling pathways, as well as evidences indicating that, under certain conditions, autophagy can be activated by glucose. A better understanding on how glucose regulates autophagy not only will expand our basic knowledge of this important cell process, but it will be also relevant to understand common human disorders, such as cancer and diabetes, in which glucose levels play an important role. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T11:04:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ff343a20908e4a70b1d96c2ab421a04d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T11:04:03Z |
| publishDate | 2012-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-ff343a20908e4a70b1d96c2ab421a04d2023-09-02T04:23:02ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092012-07-011337239510.3390/cells1030372Regulation of Autophagy by Glucose in Mammalian CellsErwin KnechtFélix MorunoEva Pérez-JiménezAutophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process that contributes to maintain cell homeostasis. Although it is strongly regulated by many extracellular factors, induction of autophagy is mainly produced by starvation of nutrients. In mammalian cells, the regulation of autophagy by amino acids, and also by the hormone insulin, has been extensively investigated, but knowledge about the effects of other autophagy regulators, including another nutrient, glucose, is more limited. Here we will focus on the signalling pathways by which environmental glucose directly, i.e., independently of insulin and glucagon, regulates autophagy in mammalian cells, but we will also briefly mention some data in yeast. Although glucose deprivation mainly induces autophagy via AMPK activation and the subsequent inhibition of mTORC1, we will also comment other signalling pathways, as well as evidences indicating that, under certain conditions, autophagy can be activated by glucose. A better understanding on how glucose regulates autophagy not only will expand our basic knowledge of this important cell process, but it will be also relevant to understand common human disorders, such as cancer and diabetes, in which glucose levels play an important role.http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/1/3/372autophagyregulationnutrientsenergyglucoseAMPK |
| spellingShingle | Erwin Knecht Félix Moruno Eva Pérez-Jiménez Regulation of Autophagy by Glucose in Mammalian Cells Cells autophagy regulation nutrients energy glucose AMPK |
| title | Regulation of Autophagy by Glucose in Mammalian Cells |
| title_full | Regulation of Autophagy by Glucose in Mammalian Cells |
| title_fullStr | Regulation of Autophagy by Glucose in Mammalian Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Regulation of Autophagy by Glucose in Mammalian Cells |
| title_short | Regulation of Autophagy by Glucose in Mammalian Cells |
| title_sort | regulation of autophagy by glucose in mammalian cells |
| topic | autophagy regulation nutrients energy glucose AMPK |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/1/3/372 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT erwinknecht regulationofautophagybyglucoseinmammaliancells AT felixmoruno regulationofautophagybyglucoseinmammaliancells AT evaperezjimenez regulationofautophagybyglucoseinmammaliancells |