Physicochemical Properties, Antioxidant and Anti-Tyrosinase Activities of <i>Durio zibethinus</i> Murray and Value Added for Cosmetic Product Formulation
<i>Durio zibethinus</i> Murray, or durian fruit, is considered the “King of fruit” in various parts of Southeast Asia. It is classified in the <i>Durio</i> genus, which has been reported to be beneficial in the medical and pharmaceutical industry. The objective of this study...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Cosmetics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9284/10/3/87 |
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| author | Lapatrada Mungmai Chanapa Kanokwattananon Supawadee Thakang Arkhanut Nakkrathok Pawalee Srisuksomwong Patcharawan Tanamatayarat |
| author_facet | Lapatrada Mungmai Chanapa Kanokwattananon Supawadee Thakang Arkhanut Nakkrathok Pawalee Srisuksomwong Patcharawan Tanamatayarat |
| author_sort | Lapatrada Mungmai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Durio zibethinus</i> Murray, or durian fruit, is considered the “King of fruit” in various parts of Southeast Asia. It is classified in the <i>Durio</i> genus, which has been reported to be beneficial in the medical and pharmaceutical industry. The objective of this study was to investigate the physicochemical properties, biological activities, and cosmetic applications of the polysaccharide extractions from the green (GH) and white (WH) fruit-hulls and the ethanolic extracts from the pulp (P) and seeds (S) of <i>D. Zibethinus.</i> The extracts were developed as cosmetic products, and skin irritation was assessed by volunteers. P, S, GH, and WH extracts gave percentage yields of 12.13, 4.01, 1.60, and 1.18, respectively. The morphological structure of GH was highly porous, while the surface of WH was flattened, with no porosity observed. The seed extract showed the highest total phenolic content and antioxidant activity (DPPH) of 0.33 ± 0.01 mg GAE/g and IC<sub>50</sub> 0.08 ± 0.00 mg/mL, respectively, while no anti-tyrosinase activity was detected in any individual extract. The total phenolic content, DPPH assay, and anti-tyrosinase activity after blending the extracts were significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) higher than in the individual extracts. Combining extracts such as SGH and SGWH gave IC<sub>50</sub> values of anti-tyrosinase activity at 8.69 ± 1.82 mg/mL and 0.067 ± 0.00 mg/mL, respectively. No durian extracts exhibited growth inhibition against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i>, and <i>Cutibacterium acnes</i>. A gel formulation containing durian extract was prepared by a cold process. It had good stability, with no skin irritation reported by the volunteers. Both crude durian and polysaccharide extracts showed promise as active ingredients in cosmetic products. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:36:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ff410fd9d8d24aef8ba9221bb0d752a9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-9284 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:36:23Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cosmetics |
| spelling | doaj.art-ff410fd9d8d24aef8ba9221bb0d752a92023-11-18T09:55:09ZengMDPI AGCosmetics2079-92842023-06-011038710.3390/cosmetics10030087Physicochemical Properties, Antioxidant and Anti-Tyrosinase Activities of <i>Durio zibethinus</i> Murray and Value Added for Cosmetic Product FormulationLapatrada Mungmai0Chanapa Kanokwattananon1Supawadee Thakang2Arkhanut Nakkrathok3Pawalee Srisuksomwong4Patcharawan Tanamatayarat5Department of Cosmetic Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, ThailandDepartment of Cosmetic Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, ThailandDepartment of Cosmetic Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, ThailandDepartment of Cosmetic Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, ThailandProgram of Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Phuket Rajabhat University, Phuket 83000, ThailandDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand<i>Durio zibethinus</i> Murray, or durian fruit, is considered the “King of fruit” in various parts of Southeast Asia. It is classified in the <i>Durio</i> genus, which has been reported to be beneficial in the medical and pharmaceutical industry. The objective of this study was to investigate the physicochemical properties, biological activities, and cosmetic applications of the polysaccharide extractions from the green (GH) and white (WH) fruit-hulls and the ethanolic extracts from the pulp (P) and seeds (S) of <i>D. Zibethinus.</i> The extracts were developed as cosmetic products, and skin irritation was assessed by volunteers. P, S, GH, and WH extracts gave percentage yields of 12.13, 4.01, 1.60, and 1.18, respectively. The morphological structure of GH was highly porous, while the surface of WH was flattened, with no porosity observed. The seed extract showed the highest total phenolic content and antioxidant activity (DPPH) of 0.33 ± 0.01 mg GAE/g and IC<sub>50</sub> 0.08 ± 0.00 mg/mL, respectively, while no anti-tyrosinase activity was detected in any individual extract. The total phenolic content, DPPH assay, and anti-tyrosinase activity after blending the extracts were significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) higher than in the individual extracts. Combining extracts such as SGH and SGWH gave IC<sub>50</sub> values of anti-tyrosinase activity at 8.69 ± 1.82 mg/mL and 0.067 ± 0.00 mg/mL, respectively. No durian extracts exhibited growth inhibition against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i>, and <i>Cutibacterium acnes</i>. A gel formulation containing durian extract was prepared by a cold process. It had good stability, with no skin irritation reported by the volunteers. Both crude durian and polysaccharide extracts showed promise as active ingredients in cosmetic products.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9284/10/3/87durianpolysaccharidetyrosinase activitycosmetic productskin irritation test |
| spellingShingle | Lapatrada Mungmai Chanapa Kanokwattananon Supawadee Thakang Arkhanut Nakkrathok Pawalee Srisuksomwong Patcharawan Tanamatayarat Physicochemical Properties, Antioxidant and Anti-Tyrosinase Activities of <i>Durio zibethinus</i> Murray and Value Added for Cosmetic Product Formulation Cosmetics durian polysaccharide tyrosinase activity cosmetic product skin irritation test |
| title | Physicochemical Properties, Antioxidant and Anti-Tyrosinase Activities of <i>Durio zibethinus</i> Murray and Value Added for Cosmetic Product Formulation |
| title_full | Physicochemical Properties, Antioxidant and Anti-Tyrosinase Activities of <i>Durio zibethinus</i> Murray and Value Added for Cosmetic Product Formulation |
| title_fullStr | Physicochemical Properties, Antioxidant and Anti-Tyrosinase Activities of <i>Durio zibethinus</i> Murray and Value Added for Cosmetic Product Formulation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Physicochemical Properties, Antioxidant and Anti-Tyrosinase Activities of <i>Durio zibethinus</i> Murray and Value Added for Cosmetic Product Formulation |
| title_short | Physicochemical Properties, Antioxidant and Anti-Tyrosinase Activities of <i>Durio zibethinus</i> Murray and Value Added for Cosmetic Product Formulation |
| title_sort | physicochemical properties antioxidant and anti tyrosinase activities of i durio zibethinus i murray and value added for cosmetic product formulation |
| topic | durian polysaccharide tyrosinase activity cosmetic product skin irritation test |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9284/10/3/87 |
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