| Summary: | (1) Background: The aim of our study was to analyze the possible relationship of <i>ABCB1</i> and <i>CYP1A1</i> gene variants with susceptibility and outcome of multiple myeloma (MM); (2) Methods: Genomic DNA samples from 110 newly-diagnosed MM patients and 100 healthy blood donors were analyzed by methods-PCR-RFLP (for <i>ABCB1</i> 3435C > T, <i>CYP1A1</i> 6235T > C—m1), automated DNA sequencing (for <i>ABCB1</i> 1236C > T, 2677G > T/A) and allele-specific PCR (for <i>CYP1A1</i> 4889A > G—m2); (3) Results: The genotypic frequencies of <i>CYP1A1</i> 4889A > G variant were not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for MM patients. The presence of m1 and m2 <i>CYP1A1</i> alleles decreased the risk of MM—OR = 0.49 (<i>p</i> = 0.011) and OR = 0.27 (<i>p</i> = 0.0003), respectively. In turn, TT genotype (<i>ABCB1</i> 2677G > T/A) increased the risk of this disease (<i>p</i> = 0.007). In the multivariate Cox analysis CT + TT genotypes (<i>ABCB1</i> 3435C > T) were associated with decreased risk of death (HR = 0.29, <i>p</i> = 0.04). In log-rank test in patients with CT genotype (<i>ABCB1</i> 3435C > T) was observed association of overall survival with the type of treatment; (4) Conclusions: Our findings suggest that T-alleles of <i>ABCB1</i> 2677G > T/A and m1/m2 alleles of <i>CYP1A1</i> affected the susceptibility of MM. Moreover, T-allele of <i>ABCB1</i> 3435C > T might be independent positive prognostic factor in MM.
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