Concurrent and Lagged Effects of Extreme Drought Induce Net Reduction in Vegetation Carbon Uptake on Tibetan Plateau
Climatic extremes have adverse concurrent and lagged effects on terrestrial carbon cycles. Here, a concurrent effect refers to the occurrence of a latent impact during climate extremes, and a lagged effect appears sometime thereafter. Nevertheless, the uncertainties of these extreme drought effects...
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MDPI AG
2020-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/15/2347 |
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| author | Chongchong Ye Jian Sun Miao Liu Junnan Xiong Ning Zong Jian Hu Yong Huang Xingwu Duan Atsushi Tsunekawa |
| author_facet | Chongchong Ye Jian Sun Miao Liu Junnan Xiong Ning Zong Jian Hu Yong Huang Xingwu Duan Atsushi Tsunekawa |
| author_sort | Chongchong Ye |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Climatic extremes have adverse concurrent and lagged effects on terrestrial carbon cycles. Here, a concurrent effect refers to the occurrence of a latent impact during climate extremes, and a lagged effect appears sometime thereafter. Nevertheless, the uncertainties of these extreme drought effects on net carbon uptake and the recovery processes of vegetation in different Tibetan Plateau (TP) ecosystems are poorly understood. In this study, we calculated the Standardised Precipitation–Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) based on meteorological datasets with an improved spatial resolution, and we adopted the Carnegie–Ames–Stanford approach model to develop a net primary production (NPP) dataset based on multiple datasets across the TP during 1982–2015. On this basis, we quantised the net reduction in vegetation carbon uptake (NRVCU) on the TP, investigated the spatiotemporal variability of the NPP, NRVCU and SPEI, and analysed the NRVCUs that are caused by the concurrent and lagged effects of extreme drought and the recovery times in different ecosystems. According to our results, the Qaidam Basin and most forest regions possessed a significant trend towards drought during 1982–2015 (with <i>Slope</i> of SPEI < 0, <i>P</i> < 0.05), and the highest frequency of extreme drought events was principally distributed in the Qaidam Basin, with three to six events. The annual total net reduction in vegetation carbon uptake on the TP experienced a significant downward trend from 1982 to 2015 (−0.0018 ± 0.0002 PgC year<sup>−1</sup>, <i>P</i> < 0.001), which was negatively correlated with annual total precipitation and annual mean temperature (<i>P</i> < 0.05). In spatial scale, the NRVCU decrement was widely spread (approximately 55% of grids) with 17.86% of the area displaying significant declining trends (<i>P</i> < 0.05), and the sharpest declining trend (<i>Slope</i> ≤ −2) was mainly concentrated in southeastern TP. For the alpine steppe and alpine meadow ecosystems, the concurrent and lagged effects of extreme drought induced a significant difference in NRVCU (<i>P</i> < 0.05), while forests presented the opposite results. The recovery time comparisons from extreme drought suggest that forests require more time (27.62% of grids ≥ 6 years) to recover their net carbon uptakes compared to grasslands. Therefore, our results emphasise that extreme drought events have stronger lagged effects on forests than on grasslands on the TP. The improved resilience of forests in coping with extreme drought should also be considered in future research. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:18:29Z |
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| language | English |
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| spelling | doaj.art-ff4304891a574ea28b5400e36bffe4692023-11-20T07:33:20ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922020-07-011215234710.3390/rs12152347Concurrent and Lagged Effects of Extreme Drought Induce Net Reduction in Vegetation Carbon Uptake on Tibetan PlateauChongchong Ye0Jian Sun1Miao Liu2Junnan Xiong3Ning Zong4Jian Hu5Yong Huang6Xingwu Duan7Atsushi Tsunekawa8School of Civil Engineering and Geomatics, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, ChinaSynthesis Research Centre of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaSynthesis Research Centre of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering and Geomatics, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, ChinaSynthesis Research Centre of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaInstitute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, ChinaInstitute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, ChinaInstitute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, ChinaArid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori 6800001, JapanClimatic extremes have adverse concurrent and lagged effects on terrestrial carbon cycles. Here, a concurrent effect refers to the occurrence of a latent impact during climate extremes, and a lagged effect appears sometime thereafter. Nevertheless, the uncertainties of these extreme drought effects on net carbon uptake and the recovery processes of vegetation in different Tibetan Plateau (TP) ecosystems are poorly understood. In this study, we calculated the Standardised Precipitation–Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) based on meteorological datasets with an improved spatial resolution, and we adopted the Carnegie–Ames–Stanford approach model to develop a net primary production (NPP) dataset based on multiple datasets across the TP during 1982–2015. On this basis, we quantised the net reduction in vegetation carbon uptake (NRVCU) on the TP, investigated the spatiotemporal variability of the NPP, NRVCU and SPEI, and analysed the NRVCUs that are caused by the concurrent and lagged effects of extreme drought and the recovery times in different ecosystems. According to our results, the Qaidam Basin and most forest regions possessed a significant trend towards drought during 1982–2015 (with <i>Slope</i> of SPEI < 0, <i>P</i> < 0.05), and the highest frequency of extreme drought events was principally distributed in the Qaidam Basin, with three to six events. The annual total net reduction in vegetation carbon uptake on the TP experienced a significant downward trend from 1982 to 2015 (−0.0018 ± 0.0002 PgC year<sup>−1</sup>, <i>P</i> < 0.001), which was negatively correlated with annual total precipitation and annual mean temperature (<i>P</i> < 0.05). In spatial scale, the NRVCU decrement was widely spread (approximately 55% of grids) with 17.86% of the area displaying significant declining trends (<i>P</i> < 0.05), and the sharpest declining trend (<i>Slope</i> ≤ −2) was mainly concentrated in southeastern TP. For the alpine steppe and alpine meadow ecosystems, the concurrent and lagged effects of extreme drought induced a significant difference in NRVCU (<i>P</i> < 0.05), while forests presented the opposite results. The recovery time comparisons from extreme drought suggest that forests require more time (27.62% of grids ≥ 6 years) to recover their net carbon uptakes compared to grasslands. Therefore, our results emphasise that extreme drought events have stronger lagged effects on forests than on grasslands on the TP. The improved resilience of forests in coping with extreme drought should also be considered in future research.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/15/2347extreme droughtnet reduction in vegetation carbon uptakeconcurrent and lagged effectsrecovery time |
| spellingShingle | Chongchong Ye Jian Sun Miao Liu Junnan Xiong Ning Zong Jian Hu Yong Huang Xingwu Duan Atsushi Tsunekawa Concurrent and Lagged Effects of Extreme Drought Induce Net Reduction in Vegetation Carbon Uptake on Tibetan Plateau Remote Sensing extreme drought net reduction in vegetation carbon uptake concurrent and lagged effects recovery time |
| title | Concurrent and Lagged Effects of Extreme Drought Induce Net Reduction in Vegetation Carbon Uptake on Tibetan Plateau |
| title_full | Concurrent and Lagged Effects of Extreme Drought Induce Net Reduction in Vegetation Carbon Uptake on Tibetan Plateau |
| title_fullStr | Concurrent and Lagged Effects of Extreme Drought Induce Net Reduction in Vegetation Carbon Uptake on Tibetan Plateau |
| title_full_unstemmed | Concurrent and Lagged Effects of Extreme Drought Induce Net Reduction in Vegetation Carbon Uptake on Tibetan Plateau |
| title_short | Concurrent and Lagged Effects of Extreme Drought Induce Net Reduction in Vegetation Carbon Uptake on Tibetan Plateau |
| title_sort | concurrent and lagged effects of extreme drought induce net reduction in vegetation carbon uptake on tibetan plateau |
| topic | extreme drought net reduction in vegetation carbon uptake concurrent and lagged effects recovery time |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/15/2347 |
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