An Overview of the Geomorphological Characteristics of the Pergamon Micro-Region (Bakırçay and Madra River Catchments, Aegean Region, West Turkey)
Current landforms are the basis for understanding past geomorphodynamics and human activities. Based on multiple materials and methods, including geomorphometric analyses of a digital elevation model and visual interpretations of satellite images, different landscape units of the Bakırçay and Madra...
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Land |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/10/7/667 |
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| author | Xun Yang Fabian Becker Daniel Knitter Brigitta Schütt |
| author_facet | Xun Yang Fabian Becker Daniel Knitter Brigitta Schütt |
| author_sort | Xun Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Current landforms are the basis for understanding past geomorphodynamics and human activities. Based on multiple materials and methods, including geomorphometric analyses of a digital elevation model and visual interpretations of satellite images, different landscape units of the Bakırçay and Madra River catchments in the environs of ancient Pergamon are described. The area was mainly shaped by tectonics that formed a horst-and-graben structure; small Miocene horsts and NE-trending subgrabens in the Kozak and Yunt Dağı Mountains were separated by the NEE-trending Plio-Pleistocene Bergama Graben. The asymmetry in relief, drainage network, and sediment accumulation between the Kozak Mountains to the north and the Yunt Dağı Mountains to the south of the lower Bakırçay plain characterize the Pergamon Micro-Region. The regional relief characteristics, with wide flat basin and plateau areas, are suitable for agriculture. Complemented by its richness in natural resources, the Pergamon Micro-Region became a preferred settlement area, with evidence of human impact since the Hellenistic–Roman period at the latest. As a consequence of settlement activities, several landscape engineering measures were implemented simultaneously with a parallel change in morphodynamics. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:06:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ff513b8059ed45c68d489a6d9a9e0f57 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-445X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:06:07Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Land |
| spelling | doaj.art-ff513b8059ed45c68d489a6d9a9e0f572023-11-22T01:33:32ZengMDPI AGLand2073-445X2021-06-0110766710.3390/land10070667An Overview of the Geomorphological Characteristics of the Pergamon Micro-Region (Bakırçay and Madra River Catchments, Aegean Region, West Turkey)Xun Yang0Fabian Becker1Daniel Knitter2Brigitta Schütt3Physical Geography, Institute of Geographical Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Malteserstraße 74-100, 12249 Berlin, GermanyPhysical Geography, Institute of Geographical Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Malteserstraße 74-100, 12249 Berlin, GermanyPhysical Geography, Department of Geography, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Ludewig-Meyn-Straße 14, 24118 Kiel, GermanyPhysical Geography, Institute of Geographical Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Malteserstraße 74-100, 12249 Berlin, GermanyCurrent landforms are the basis for understanding past geomorphodynamics and human activities. Based on multiple materials and methods, including geomorphometric analyses of a digital elevation model and visual interpretations of satellite images, different landscape units of the Bakırçay and Madra River catchments in the environs of ancient Pergamon are described. The area was mainly shaped by tectonics that formed a horst-and-graben structure; small Miocene horsts and NE-trending subgrabens in the Kozak and Yunt Dağı Mountains were separated by the NEE-trending Plio-Pleistocene Bergama Graben. The asymmetry in relief, drainage network, and sediment accumulation between the Kozak Mountains to the north and the Yunt Dağı Mountains to the south of the lower Bakırçay plain characterize the Pergamon Micro-Region. The regional relief characteristics, with wide flat basin and plateau areas, are suitable for agriculture. Complemented by its richness in natural resources, the Pergamon Micro-Region became a preferred settlement area, with evidence of human impact since the Hellenistic–Roman period at the latest. As a consequence of settlement activities, several landscape engineering measures were implemented simultaneously with a parallel change in morphodynamics.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/10/7/667geomorphological mapgeomorphometrygeomorphodynamicshuman–environment interaction |
| spellingShingle | Xun Yang Fabian Becker Daniel Knitter Brigitta Schütt An Overview of the Geomorphological Characteristics of the Pergamon Micro-Region (Bakırçay and Madra River Catchments, Aegean Region, West Turkey) Land geomorphological map geomorphometry geomorphodynamics human–environment interaction |
| title | An Overview of the Geomorphological Characteristics of the Pergamon Micro-Region (Bakırçay and Madra River Catchments, Aegean Region, West Turkey) |
| title_full | An Overview of the Geomorphological Characteristics of the Pergamon Micro-Region (Bakırçay and Madra River Catchments, Aegean Region, West Turkey) |
| title_fullStr | An Overview of the Geomorphological Characteristics of the Pergamon Micro-Region (Bakırçay and Madra River Catchments, Aegean Region, West Turkey) |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Overview of the Geomorphological Characteristics of the Pergamon Micro-Region (Bakırçay and Madra River Catchments, Aegean Region, West Turkey) |
| title_short | An Overview of the Geomorphological Characteristics of the Pergamon Micro-Region (Bakırçay and Madra River Catchments, Aegean Region, West Turkey) |
| title_sort | overview of the geomorphological characteristics of the pergamon micro region bakircay and madra river catchments aegean region west turkey |
| topic | geomorphological map geomorphometry geomorphodynamics human–environment interaction |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/10/7/667 |
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