Homeowner flood risk and risk reduction from home elevation between the limits of the 100- and 500-year floodplains
Floods inflict significant damage even outside the 100-year floodplain. Thus, restricting flood risk analysis to the 100-year floodplain (Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) in the United States of America) is misleading. Flood risk outside the SFHA is often underestimated because of minimal flood-rela...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-04-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Earth Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2023.1051546/full |
| _version_ | 1797844970264068096 |
|---|---|
| author | Ayat Al Assi Ayat Al Assi Ayat Al Assi Rubayet Bin Mostafiz Rubayet Bin Mostafiz Rubayet Bin Mostafiz Carol J. Friedland Carol J. Friedland Robert V. Rohli Robert V. Rohli Md Adilur Rahim Md Adilur Rahim Md Adilur Rahim |
| author_facet | Ayat Al Assi Ayat Al Assi Ayat Al Assi Rubayet Bin Mostafiz Rubayet Bin Mostafiz Rubayet Bin Mostafiz Carol J. Friedland Carol J. Friedland Robert V. Rohli Robert V. Rohli Md Adilur Rahim Md Adilur Rahim Md Adilur Rahim |
| author_sort | Ayat Al Assi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Floods inflict significant damage even outside the 100-year floodplain. Thus, restricting flood risk analysis to the 100-year floodplain (Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) in the United States of America) is misleading. Flood risk outside the SFHA is often underestimated because of minimal flood-related insurance requirements and regulations and sparse flood depth data. This study proposes a systematic approach to predict flood risk for a single-family home using average annual loss (AAL) in the shaded X Zone–the area immediately outside the SFHA (i.e., the 500-year floodplain), which lies between the limits of the 1.0- and 0.2-percent annual flood probability. To further inform flood mitigation strategy, annual flood risk reduction with additional elevation above an initial first-floor height (FFH0) is estimated. The proposed approach generates synthetic flood parameters, quantifies AAL for a hypothetical slab-on–grade, single-family home with varying attributes and scenarios above the slab-on-grade elevation, and compares flood risk for two areas using the synthetic flood parameters vs existing spatial interpolation-estimated flood parameters. Results reveal a median AAL in the shaded X Zone of 0.13 and 0.17 percent of replacement cost value (VR) for a one-story, single-family home without and with basement, respectively, at FFH0 and 500-year flood depth <1 foot. Elevating homes one and four feet above FFH0 substantially mitigates this risk, generating savings of 0.07–0.18 and 0.09–0.23 percent of VR for a one-story, single-family home without and with basement, respectively. These results enhance understanding of flood risk and the benefits of elevating homes above FFH0 in the shaded X Zone. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T17:32:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ff6488db6c324420ba1b212794327b6f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-6463 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T17:32:04Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Earth Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-ff6488db6c324420ba1b212794327b6f2023-04-18T05:20:56ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Earth Science2296-64632023-04-011110.3389/feart.2023.10515461051546Homeowner flood risk and risk reduction from home elevation between the limits of the 100- and 500-year floodplainsAyat Al Assi0Ayat Al Assi1Ayat Al Assi2Rubayet Bin Mostafiz3Rubayet Bin Mostafiz4Rubayet Bin Mostafiz5Carol J. Friedland6Carol J. Friedland7Robert V. Rohli8Robert V. Rohli9Md Adilur Rahim10Md Adilur Rahim11Md Adilur Rahim12Bert S. Turner Department of Construction Management, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United StatesLaHouse Resource Center, Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United StatesCoastal Studies Institute, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United StatesLaHouse Resource Center, Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United StatesCoastal Studies Institute, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United StatesDepartment of Oceanography & Coastal Sciences, College of the Coast & Environment, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United StatesLaHouse Resource Center, Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United StatesCoastal Studies Institute, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United StatesCoastal Studies Institute, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United StatesDepartment of Oceanography & Coastal Sciences, College of the Coast & Environment, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United StatesLaHouse Resource Center, Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United StatesCoastal Studies Institute, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United StatesEngineering Science Program, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United StatesFloods inflict significant damage even outside the 100-year floodplain. Thus, restricting flood risk analysis to the 100-year floodplain (Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) in the United States of America) is misleading. Flood risk outside the SFHA is often underestimated because of minimal flood-related insurance requirements and regulations and sparse flood depth data. This study proposes a systematic approach to predict flood risk for a single-family home using average annual loss (AAL) in the shaded X Zone–the area immediately outside the SFHA (i.e., the 500-year floodplain), which lies between the limits of the 1.0- and 0.2-percent annual flood probability. To further inform flood mitigation strategy, annual flood risk reduction with additional elevation above an initial first-floor height (FFH0) is estimated. The proposed approach generates synthetic flood parameters, quantifies AAL for a hypothetical slab-on–grade, single-family home with varying attributes and scenarios above the slab-on-grade elevation, and compares flood risk for two areas using the synthetic flood parameters vs existing spatial interpolation-estimated flood parameters. Results reveal a median AAL in the shaded X Zone of 0.13 and 0.17 percent of replacement cost value (VR) for a one-story, single-family home without and with basement, respectively, at FFH0 and 500-year flood depth <1 foot. Elevating homes one and four feet above FFH0 substantially mitigates this risk, generating savings of 0.07–0.18 and 0.09–0.23 percent of VR for a one-story, single-family home without and with basement, respectively. These results enhance understanding of flood risk and the benefits of elevating homes above FFH0 in the shaded X Zone.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2023.1051546/fullflood riskaverage annual loss (AAL)flood mitigation strategyspecial flood hazard area (SFHA)shaded X Zone |
| spellingShingle | Ayat Al Assi Ayat Al Assi Ayat Al Assi Rubayet Bin Mostafiz Rubayet Bin Mostafiz Rubayet Bin Mostafiz Carol J. Friedland Carol J. Friedland Robert V. Rohli Robert V. Rohli Md Adilur Rahim Md Adilur Rahim Md Adilur Rahim Homeowner flood risk and risk reduction from home elevation between the limits of the 100- and 500-year floodplains Frontiers in Earth Science flood risk average annual loss (AAL) flood mitigation strategy special flood hazard area (SFHA) shaded X Zone |
| title | Homeowner flood risk and risk reduction from home elevation between the limits of the 100- and 500-year floodplains |
| title_full | Homeowner flood risk and risk reduction from home elevation between the limits of the 100- and 500-year floodplains |
| title_fullStr | Homeowner flood risk and risk reduction from home elevation between the limits of the 100- and 500-year floodplains |
| title_full_unstemmed | Homeowner flood risk and risk reduction from home elevation between the limits of the 100- and 500-year floodplains |
| title_short | Homeowner flood risk and risk reduction from home elevation between the limits of the 100- and 500-year floodplains |
| title_sort | homeowner flood risk and risk reduction from home elevation between the limits of the 100 and 500 year floodplains |
| topic | flood risk average annual loss (AAL) flood mitigation strategy special flood hazard area (SFHA) shaded X Zone |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2023.1051546/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ayatalassi homeownerfloodriskandriskreductionfromhomeelevationbetweenthelimitsofthe100and500yearfloodplains AT ayatalassi homeownerfloodriskandriskreductionfromhomeelevationbetweenthelimitsofthe100and500yearfloodplains AT ayatalassi homeownerfloodriskandriskreductionfromhomeelevationbetweenthelimitsofthe100and500yearfloodplains AT rubayetbinmostafiz homeownerfloodriskandriskreductionfromhomeelevationbetweenthelimitsofthe100and500yearfloodplains AT rubayetbinmostafiz homeownerfloodriskandriskreductionfromhomeelevationbetweenthelimitsofthe100and500yearfloodplains AT rubayetbinmostafiz homeownerfloodriskandriskreductionfromhomeelevationbetweenthelimitsofthe100and500yearfloodplains AT caroljfriedland homeownerfloodriskandriskreductionfromhomeelevationbetweenthelimitsofthe100and500yearfloodplains AT caroljfriedland homeownerfloodriskandriskreductionfromhomeelevationbetweenthelimitsofthe100and500yearfloodplains AT robertvrohli homeownerfloodriskandriskreductionfromhomeelevationbetweenthelimitsofthe100and500yearfloodplains AT robertvrohli homeownerfloodriskandriskreductionfromhomeelevationbetweenthelimitsofthe100and500yearfloodplains AT mdadilurrahim homeownerfloodriskandriskreductionfromhomeelevationbetweenthelimitsofthe100and500yearfloodplains AT mdadilurrahim homeownerfloodriskandriskreductionfromhomeelevationbetweenthelimitsofthe100and500yearfloodplains AT mdadilurrahim homeownerfloodriskandriskreductionfromhomeelevationbetweenthelimitsofthe100and500yearfloodplains |