The effect of filling density on flammability and mechanical properties of 3D-printed carbon fiber-reinforced nylon
3D printing of reinforced polymeric materials, which provides products of excellent physical and mechanical properties, is at the forefront of interest in the field of additive technologies. To ensure material, time, and financial savings, 3D objects having reduced filling density are frequently pre...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Polymer Testing |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142941823000247 |
| _version_ | 1797884520366604288 |
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| author | Lucie Zárybnická Jana Machotová Marek Pagáč Jozef Rychlý Anna Vykydalová |
| author_facet | Lucie Zárybnická Jana Machotová Marek Pagáč Jozef Rychlý Anna Vykydalová |
| author_sort | Lucie Zárybnická |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | 3D printing of reinforced polymeric materials, which provides products of excellent physical and mechanical properties, is at the forefront of interest in the field of additive technologies. To ensure material, time, and financial savings, 3D objects having reduced filling density are frequently prepared. The presented work aims to study the effect of different levels of filling density (18, 42, and 62% using a honeycomb filling pattern) in contrast to 100% solid fill of carbon fiber-reinforced polyamide 6.6 materials processed by Fused Filament Fabrication on their flammability and mechanical properties. Concurrently, the effect of a commercial flame retardant additive concerning the filling density was also evaluated. The flammability and mechanical properties of the 3D printed materials were evaluated according to cone calorimeter measurements, and tensile and bending tests, respectively. It was found that the reduction in the filling density led to a pronounced decrease in mechanical properties (of about 40–50% for tensile and bending stress) and also to the deterioration of flame resistance (of about 50–70% shorter burning time), with no unambiguous correlation with the respective filling density level used. If significant economic savings are preferred, 3D objects designed with low levels of filling density (18 or 42%) are advantageous to be manufactured from nylon stabilized with a flame retardant additive, resulting in acceptable fire-resistant properties. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T04:08:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ff663cd625bf4047a8ec1e6c797a331c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0142-9418 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T04:08:56Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymer Testing |
| spelling | doaj.art-ff663cd625bf4047a8ec1e6c797a331c2023-03-13T04:14:59ZengElsevierPolymer Testing0142-94182023-03-01120107944The effect of filling density on flammability and mechanical properties of 3D-printed carbon fiber-reinforced nylonLucie Zárybnická0Jana Machotová1Marek Pagáč2Jozef Rychlý3Anna Vykydalová4Department of Technical Studies, College of Polytechnics Jihlava, Tolstého 16, 586 01, Jihlava, Czech Republic; Corresponding author.Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Macromolecular Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech RepublicDepartment of Machining, Assembly and Engineering Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VSB-TU Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech RepublicPolymer Institute, Slovak Republic, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravská Cesta 9, Bratislava 45, 845 41, SlovakiaPolymer Institute, Slovak Republic, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravská Cesta 9, Bratislava 45, 845 41, Slovakia; Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia3D printing of reinforced polymeric materials, which provides products of excellent physical and mechanical properties, is at the forefront of interest in the field of additive technologies. To ensure material, time, and financial savings, 3D objects having reduced filling density are frequently prepared. The presented work aims to study the effect of different levels of filling density (18, 42, and 62% using a honeycomb filling pattern) in contrast to 100% solid fill of carbon fiber-reinforced polyamide 6.6 materials processed by Fused Filament Fabrication on their flammability and mechanical properties. Concurrently, the effect of a commercial flame retardant additive concerning the filling density was also evaluated. The flammability and mechanical properties of the 3D printed materials were evaluated according to cone calorimeter measurements, and tensile and bending tests, respectively. It was found that the reduction in the filling density led to a pronounced decrease in mechanical properties (of about 40–50% for tensile and bending stress) and also to the deterioration of flame resistance (of about 50–70% shorter burning time), with no unambiguous correlation with the respective filling density level used. If significant economic savings are preferred, 3D objects designed with low levels of filling density (18 or 42%) are advantageous to be manufactured from nylon stabilized with a flame retardant additive, resulting in acceptable fire-resistant properties.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S01429418230002473D printingFilling densityNylonFlame retardantCarbon fiberCone calorimeter |
| spellingShingle | Lucie Zárybnická Jana Machotová Marek Pagáč Jozef Rychlý Anna Vykydalová The effect of filling density on flammability and mechanical properties of 3D-printed carbon fiber-reinforced nylon Polymer Testing 3D printing Filling density Nylon Flame retardant Carbon fiber Cone calorimeter |
| title | The effect of filling density on flammability and mechanical properties of 3D-printed carbon fiber-reinforced nylon |
| title_full | The effect of filling density on flammability and mechanical properties of 3D-printed carbon fiber-reinforced nylon |
| title_fullStr | The effect of filling density on flammability and mechanical properties of 3D-printed carbon fiber-reinforced nylon |
| title_full_unstemmed | The effect of filling density on flammability and mechanical properties of 3D-printed carbon fiber-reinforced nylon |
| title_short | The effect of filling density on flammability and mechanical properties of 3D-printed carbon fiber-reinforced nylon |
| title_sort | effect of filling density on flammability and mechanical properties of 3d printed carbon fiber reinforced nylon |
| topic | 3D printing Filling density Nylon Flame retardant Carbon fiber Cone calorimeter |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142941823000247 |
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