A Jack of All Trades: Impact of Glucocorticoids on Cellular Cross-Talk in Osteoimmunology

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are known to have a strong impact on the immune system, metabolism, and bone homeostasis. While these functions have been long investigated separately in immunology, metabolism, or bone biology, the understanding of how GCs regulate the cellular cross-talk between innate immune...

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Main Authors: Mubashir Ahmad, Yasmine Hachemi, Kevin Paxian, Florian Mengele, Mascha Koenen, Jan Tuckermann
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-10-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02460/full
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author Mubashir Ahmad
Yasmine Hachemi
Kevin Paxian
Florian Mengele
Florian Mengele
Mascha Koenen
Mascha Koenen
Jan Tuckermann
author_facet Mubashir Ahmad
Yasmine Hachemi
Kevin Paxian
Florian Mengele
Florian Mengele
Mascha Koenen
Mascha Koenen
Jan Tuckermann
author_sort Mubashir Ahmad
collection DOAJ
description Glucocorticoids (GCs) are known to have a strong impact on the immune system, metabolism, and bone homeostasis. While these functions have been long investigated separately in immunology, metabolism, or bone biology, the understanding of how GCs regulate the cellular cross-talk between innate immune cells, mesenchymal cells, and other stromal cells has been garnering attention rather recently. Here we review the recent findings of GC action in osteoporosis, inflammatory bone diseases (rheumatoid and osteoarthritis), and bone regeneration during fracture healing. We focus on studies of pre-clinical animal models that enable dissecting the role of GC actions in innate immune cells, stromal cells, and bone cells using conditional and function-selective mutant mice of the GC receptor (GR), or mice with impaired GC signaling. Importantly, GCs do not only directly affect cellular functions, but also influence the cross-talk between mesenchymal and immune cells, contributing to both beneficial and adverse effects of GCs. Given the importance of endogenous GCs as stress hormones and the wide prescription of pharmaceutical GCs, an improved understanding of GC action is decisive for tackling inflammatory bone diseases, osteoporosis, and aging.
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spelling doaj.art-ff838dd265f84aa6b8db8e44f1a673df2022-12-21T23:41:58ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242019-10-011010.3389/fimmu.2019.02460488347A Jack of All Trades: Impact of Glucocorticoids on Cellular Cross-Talk in OsteoimmunologyMubashir Ahmad0Yasmine Hachemi1Kevin Paxian2Florian Mengele3Florian Mengele4Mascha Koenen5Mascha Koenen6Jan Tuckermann7Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), University of Ulm, Ulm, GermanyInstitute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), University of Ulm, Ulm, GermanyInstitute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), University of Ulm, Ulm, GermanyInstitute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), University of Ulm, Ulm, GermanyPraxisklinik für Orthopädie, Unfall- und Neurochirurgie Prof. Bischoff/ Dr. Spies/ Dr. Mengele, Neu-Ulm, GermanyInstitute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), University of Ulm, Ulm, GermanyDepartment of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United StatesInstitute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), University of Ulm, Ulm, GermanyGlucocorticoids (GCs) are known to have a strong impact on the immune system, metabolism, and bone homeostasis. While these functions have been long investigated separately in immunology, metabolism, or bone biology, the understanding of how GCs regulate the cellular cross-talk between innate immune cells, mesenchymal cells, and other stromal cells has been garnering attention rather recently. Here we review the recent findings of GC action in osteoporosis, inflammatory bone diseases (rheumatoid and osteoarthritis), and bone regeneration during fracture healing. We focus on studies of pre-clinical animal models that enable dissecting the role of GC actions in innate immune cells, stromal cells, and bone cells using conditional and function-selective mutant mice of the GC receptor (GR), or mice with impaired GC signaling. Importantly, GCs do not only directly affect cellular functions, but also influence the cross-talk between mesenchymal and immune cells, contributing to both beneficial and adverse effects of GCs. Given the importance of endogenous GCs as stress hormones and the wide prescription of pharmaceutical GCs, an improved understanding of GC action is decisive for tackling inflammatory bone diseases, osteoporosis, and aging.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02460/fullglucocorticoidsglucocorticoid receptorosteoporosisarthritisinflammationfracture healing
spellingShingle Mubashir Ahmad
Yasmine Hachemi
Kevin Paxian
Florian Mengele
Florian Mengele
Mascha Koenen
Mascha Koenen
Jan Tuckermann
A Jack of All Trades: Impact of Glucocorticoids on Cellular Cross-Talk in Osteoimmunology
Frontiers in Immunology
glucocorticoids
glucocorticoid receptor
osteoporosis
arthritis
inflammation
fracture healing
title A Jack of All Trades: Impact of Glucocorticoids on Cellular Cross-Talk in Osteoimmunology
title_full A Jack of All Trades: Impact of Glucocorticoids on Cellular Cross-Talk in Osteoimmunology
title_fullStr A Jack of All Trades: Impact of Glucocorticoids on Cellular Cross-Talk in Osteoimmunology
title_full_unstemmed A Jack of All Trades: Impact of Glucocorticoids on Cellular Cross-Talk in Osteoimmunology
title_short A Jack of All Trades: Impact of Glucocorticoids on Cellular Cross-Talk in Osteoimmunology
title_sort jack of all trades impact of glucocorticoids on cellular cross talk in osteoimmunology
topic glucocorticoids
glucocorticoid receptor
osteoporosis
arthritis
inflammation
fracture healing
url https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02460/full
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