Effects of Cage and Floor Rearing Systems on the Metabolic Components of the Uropygial Gland in Ducks
Background: As a unique skin derivative of birds, the uropygial gland has a potential role in maintaining feather health and appearance. Cage-reared ducks usually have a worse feather condition than floor-reared ducks. We suspected that the metabolic components in the uropygial gland might play a vi...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/2/214 |
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| author | Hehe Liu Jiawen Qi Qinglan Yang Qian Tang Jingjing Qi Yanying Li Jiwen Wang Chunchun Han Liang Li |
| author_facet | Hehe Liu Jiawen Qi Qinglan Yang Qian Tang Jingjing Qi Yanying Li Jiwen Wang Chunchun Han Liang Li |
| author_sort | Hehe Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: As a unique skin derivative of birds, the uropygial gland has a potential role in maintaining feather health and appearance. Cage-reared ducks usually have a worse feather condition than floor-reared ducks. We suspected that the metabolic components in the uropygial gland might play a vital role in their feather conditions. Methods: Herein, the uropygial glands of floor- and cage-reared ducks were weighed, and a nontargeted metabolic analysis was performed. Results: At 20 weeks of age, the relative weight of floor-reared duck uropygial glands was significantly higher than that of cage-reared ducks, indicating that the floor rearing system is better for inducing the development of uropygial glands. The nontargeted metabolic data revealed 1190 and 1149 differential metabolites under positive and negative ion modes, respectively. Among them, 49 differential metabolites were annotated between the two rearing systems. Three sulfur-containing amino acids, namely, 2-ketobutyric acid, L-aspartate-semialdehyde, and N-formyl-L-methionine, and some lipids, including inositol and sphingosine, might be responsible for the changes in plumage appearance among the various rearing conditions. Conclusions: The results of our study revealed the differences in the metabolic components of the uropygial gland in ducks reared under different rearing systems and found metabolic components to be possibly responsible for the poor feather condition of caged ducks. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:03:17Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
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| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-ff8a4ed3c28d4eb691f375c63eda4ecd2023-11-23T12:42:22ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152022-01-0112221410.3390/ani12020214Effects of Cage and Floor Rearing Systems on the Metabolic Components of the Uropygial Gland in DucksHehe Liu0Jiawen Qi1Qinglan Yang2Qian Tang3Jingjing Qi4Yanying Li5Jiwen Wang6Chunchun Han7Liang Li8Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 613000, ChinaFarm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 613000, ChinaFarm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 613000, ChinaFarm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 613000, ChinaFarm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 613000, ChinaFarm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 613000, ChinaFarm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 613000, ChinaFarm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 613000, ChinaFarm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 613000, ChinaBackground: As a unique skin derivative of birds, the uropygial gland has a potential role in maintaining feather health and appearance. Cage-reared ducks usually have a worse feather condition than floor-reared ducks. We suspected that the metabolic components in the uropygial gland might play a vital role in their feather conditions. Methods: Herein, the uropygial glands of floor- and cage-reared ducks were weighed, and a nontargeted metabolic analysis was performed. Results: At 20 weeks of age, the relative weight of floor-reared duck uropygial glands was significantly higher than that of cage-reared ducks, indicating that the floor rearing system is better for inducing the development of uropygial glands. The nontargeted metabolic data revealed 1190 and 1149 differential metabolites under positive and negative ion modes, respectively. Among them, 49 differential metabolites were annotated between the two rearing systems. Three sulfur-containing amino acids, namely, 2-ketobutyric acid, L-aspartate-semialdehyde, and N-formyl-L-methionine, and some lipids, including inositol and sphingosine, might be responsible for the changes in plumage appearance among the various rearing conditions. Conclusions: The results of our study revealed the differences in the metabolic components of the uropygial gland in ducks reared under different rearing systems and found metabolic components to be possibly responsible for the poor feather condition of caged ducks.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/2/214different rearing systemsfeather appearancemetabolitesnon-target metabolomics |
| spellingShingle | Hehe Liu Jiawen Qi Qinglan Yang Qian Tang Jingjing Qi Yanying Li Jiwen Wang Chunchun Han Liang Li Effects of Cage and Floor Rearing Systems on the Metabolic Components of the Uropygial Gland in Ducks Animals different rearing systems feather appearance metabolites non-target metabolomics |
| title | Effects of Cage and Floor Rearing Systems on the Metabolic Components of the Uropygial Gland in Ducks |
| title_full | Effects of Cage and Floor Rearing Systems on the Metabolic Components of the Uropygial Gland in Ducks |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Cage and Floor Rearing Systems on the Metabolic Components of the Uropygial Gland in Ducks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Cage and Floor Rearing Systems on the Metabolic Components of the Uropygial Gland in Ducks |
| title_short | Effects of Cage and Floor Rearing Systems on the Metabolic Components of the Uropygial Gland in Ducks |
| title_sort | effects of cage and floor rearing systems on the metabolic components of the uropygial gland in ducks |
| topic | different rearing systems feather appearance metabolites non-target metabolomics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/2/214 |
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