Enzymatic Synthesis of Estolides from Castor Oil
Estolides are fatty acid polyesters with applications in both industry and consumer products. Recently, reports have emerged detailing lipase-catalyzed synthesis of estolides from free hydroxy fatty acids. In this paper, we describe a simple alternative enzymatic process, in which castor oil is dire...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Catalysts |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/10/8/835 |
| _version_ | 1797561482575085568 |
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| author | Amine Arslan Anders Rancke-Madsen Jesper Brask |
| author_facet | Amine Arslan Anders Rancke-Madsen Jesper Brask |
| author_sort | Amine Arslan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Estolides are fatty acid polyesters with applications in both industry and consumer products. Recently, reports have emerged detailing lipase-catalyzed synthesis of estolides from free hydroxy fatty acids. In this paper, we describe a simple alternative enzymatic process, in which castor oil is directly converted to an estolide mixture by <i>Candida antarctica</i> lipase A (CALA) catalyzed transesterification. The reaction mixture is analyzed by NMR to determine the estolide number (EN) and MALDI MS to identify individual components, in addition to titration to determine the acid value (AV). Estolide trimers and tetramers (EN 2–3) were formed over 24 h in a system with 2:1 (<i>v/v</i>) castor oil–water. Further, utilizing different lipase specificities, addition of <i>Thermomyces lanuginosus</i> lipase (TLL), allowed the CALA product mixture to be cleaned up by hydrolyzing attached glycerol. In addition, a three-enzyme process is suggested, in which a simple alcohol is added and <i>Candida antarctica</i> lipase B (CALB) is used to esterify carboxylic acids to lower AV. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:15:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ff9002f9d1d84caeaa4c2dd25479e6f7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4344 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:15:33Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Catalysts |
| spelling | doaj.art-ff9002f9d1d84caeaa4c2dd25479e6f72023-11-20T07:48:08ZengMDPI AGCatalysts2073-43442020-07-0110883510.3390/catal10080835Enzymatic Synthesis of Estolides from Castor OilAmine Arslan0Anders Rancke-Madsen1Jesper Brask2Novozymes A/S, Biologiens Vej 2, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, DenmarkNovozymes A/S, Biologiens Vej 2, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, DenmarkNovozymes A/S, Biologiens Vej 2, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, DenmarkEstolides are fatty acid polyesters with applications in both industry and consumer products. Recently, reports have emerged detailing lipase-catalyzed synthesis of estolides from free hydroxy fatty acids. In this paper, we describe a simple alternative enzymatic process, in which castor oil is directly converted to an estolide mixture by <i>Candida antarctica</i> lipase A (CALA) catalyzed transesterification. The reaction mixture is analyzed by NMR to determine the estolide number (EN) and MALDI MS to identify individual components, in addition to titration to determine the acid value (AV). Estolide trimers and tetramers (EN 2–3) were formed over 24 h in a system with 2:1 (<i>v/v</i>) castor oil–water. Further, utilizing different lipase specificities, addition of <i>Thermomyces lanuginosus</i> lipase (TLL), allowed the CALA product mixture to be cleaned up by hydrolyzing attached glycerol. In addition, a three-enzyme process is suggested, in which a simple alcohol is added and <i>Candida antarctica</i> lipase B (CALB) is used to esterify carboxylic acids to lower AV.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/10/8/835estolidescastor oillipasecandida antarctica lipase A |
| spellingShingle | Amine Arslan Anders Rancke-Madsen Jesper Brask Enzymatic Synthesis of Estolides from Castor Oil Catalysts estolides castor oil lipase candida antarctica lipase A |
| title | Enzymatic Synthesis of Estolides from Castor Oil |
| title_full | Enzymatic Synthesis of Estolides from Castor Oil |
| title_fullStr | Enzymatic Synthesis of Estolides from Castor Oil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enzymatic Synthesis of Estolides from Castor Oil |
| title_short | Enzymatic Synthesis of Estolides from Castor Oil |
| title_sort | enzymatic synthesis of estolides from castor oil |
| topic | estolides castor oil lipase candida antarctica lipase A |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/10/8/835 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT aminearslan enzymaticsynthesisofestolidesfromcastoroil AT andersranckemadsen enzymaticsynthesisofestolidesfromcastoroil AT jesperbrask enzymaticsynthesisofestolidesfromcastoroil |