Surface Modification of Polyurethane Membrane with Various Hydrophilic Monomers and N-Halamine: Surface Characterization and Antimicrobial Properties Evaluation
Reducing microbial infections associated with biomedical devices or articles/furniture noted in a hospital or outpatient clinic remains a great challenge to researchers. Due to its stability and low toxicity, the N-halamine compound has been proposed as a potential antimicrobial agent. It can be inc...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/14/2321 |
| _version_ | 1797526293018836992 |
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| author | Chi-Hui Cheng Han-Cheng Liu Jui-Che Lin |
| author_facet | Chi-Hui Cheng Han-Cheng Liu Jui-Che Lin |
| author_sort | Chi-Hui Cheng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Reducing microbial infections associated with biomedical devices or articles/furniture noted in a hospital or outpatient clinic remains a great challenge to researchers. Due to its stability and low toxicity, the N-halamine compound has been proposed as a potential antimicrobial agent. It can be incorporated into or blended with the FDA-approved biomaterials. Surface grafting or coating of N-halamine was also reported. Nevertheless, the hydrophobic nature associated with its chemical configuration may affect the microbial interactions with the chlorinated N-halamine-containing substrate. In this study, a polymerizable N-halamine compound was synthesized and grafted onto a polyurethane surface via a surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) scheme. Further, using the sequential SI-ATRP reaction method, different hydrophilic monomers, namely poly (ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA), hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and [2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl] dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl) ammonium hydroxide (SBMA), were also grafted onto the polyurethane (PU) substrate before the N-halamine grafting reaction to change the surface properties of the N-halamine-modified substrate. It was noted that the chains containing the hydrophilic monomer and the polymerizable N-halamine compound were successfully grafted onto the PU substrate. The degree of chlorination was improved with the introduction of a hydrophilic monomer, except the HEMA. All of these hydrophilic monomer-containing N-halamine-modified PU substrates demonstrated a more than 2 log CFU reduction after microbial incubation. In contrast, the surface modified with N-halamine only exhibited significantly less antimicrobial efficacy instead. This is likely due to the synergistic effects caused by the reduced chlorine content, as well as the reduced surface interactions with the microbes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:27:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ffaf2c85a1f44391959c2bd303bac7f8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:27:11Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-ffaf2c85a1f44391959c2bd303bac7f82023-11-22T04:46:30ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602021-07-011314232110.3390/polym13142321Surface Modification of Polyurethane Membrane with Various Hydrophilic Monomers and N-Halamine: Surface Characterization and Antimicrobial Properties EvaluationChi-Hui Cheng0Han-Cheng Liu1Jui-Che Lin2Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, aoyuan 33305, TaiwanDepartment of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, TaiwanDepartment of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, TaiwanReducing microbial infections associated with biomedical devices or articles/furniture noted in a hospital or outpatient clinic remains a great challenge to researchers. Due to its stability and low toxicity, the N-halamine compound has been proposed as a potential antimicrobial agent. It can be incorporated into or blended with the FDA-approved biomaterials. Surface grafting or coating of N-halamine was also reported. Nevertheless, the hydrophobic nature associated with its chemical configuration may affect the microbial interactions with the chlorinated N-halamine-containing substrate. In this study, a polymerizable N-halamine compound was synthesized and grafted onto a polyurethane surface via a surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) scheme. Further, using the sequential SI-ATRP reaction method, different hydrophilic monomers, namely poly (ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA), hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and [2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl] dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl) ammonium hydroxide (SBMA), were also grafted onto the polyurethane (PU) substrate before the N-halamine grafting reaction to change the surface properties of the N-halamine-modified substrate. It was noted that the chains containing the hydrophilic monomer and the polymerizable N-halamine compound were successfully grafted onto the PU substrate. The degree of chlorination was improved with the introduction of a hydrophilic monomer, except the HEMA. All of these hydrophilic monomer-containing N-halamine-modified PU substrates demonstrated a more than 2 log CFU reduction after microbial incubation. In contrast, the surface modified with N-halamine only exhibited significantly less antimicrobial efficacy instead. This is likely due to the synergistic effects caused by the reduced chlorine content, as well as the reduced surface interactions with the microbes.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/14/2321polyurethanesurface modificationN-halaminehydrophilic monomerantimicrobial properties |
| spellingShingle | Chi-Hui Cheng Han-Cheng Liu Jui-Che Lin Surface Modification of Polyurethane Membrane with Various Hydrophilic Monomers and N-Halamine: Surface Characterization and Antimicrobial Properties Evaluation Polymers polyurethane surface modification N-halamine hydrophilic monomer antimicrobial properties |
| title | Surface Modification of Polyurethane Membrane with Various Hydrophilic Monomers and N-Halamine: Surface Characterization and Antimicrobial Properties Evaluation |
| title_full | Surface Modification of Polyurethane Membrane with Various Hydrophilic Monomers and N-Halamine: Surface Characterization and Antimicrobial Properties Evaluation |
| title_fullStr | Surface Modification of Polyurethane Membrane with Various Hydrophilic Monomers and N-Halamine: Surface Characterization and Antimicrobial Properties Evaluation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Surface Modification of Polyurethane Membrane with Various Hydrophilic Monomers and N-Halamine: Surface Characterization and Antimicrobial Properties Evaluation |
| title_short | Surface Modification of Polyurethane Membrane with Various Hydrophilic Monomers and N-Halamine: Surface Characterization and Antimicrobial Properties Evaluation |
| title_sort | surface modification of polyurethane membrane with various hydrophilic monomers and n halamine surface characterization and antimicrobial properties evaluation |
| topic | polyurethane surface modification N-halamine hydrophilic monomer antimicrobial properties |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/14/2321 |
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