In-situ FTIR investigation of isomerisation of cis-butadiene rubber during the vulcanization
The physical properties of cis-butadiene rubber (BR) have been shown to be critically dependent on its stereoregularity. In this work, the evolution process and influencing factors of cis-trans isomerisation of BR based on the conventional formulation system during its vulcanization process are syst...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2023-05-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785423011225 |
| _version_ | 1797798777705201664 |
|---|---|
| author | Jiwen Liu Hailing Dong Yongjie Ma Ping Jiang Gerhard Ziegmann Shugao Zhao Hongying Zhao |
| author_facet | Jiwen Liu Hailing Dong Yongjie Ma Ping Jiang Gerhard Ziegmann Shugao Zhao Hongying Zhao |
| author_sort | Jiwen Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The physical properties of cis-butadiene rubber (BR) have been shown to be critically dependent on its stereoregularity. In this work, the evolution process and influencing factors of cis-trans isomerisation of BR based on the conventional formulation system during its vulcanization process are systematically investigated using in-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) technology. The results show that the isomerisation occurs in the BR compound with sulphur vulcanization system in both non-isothermal and isothermal vulcanization processes because of the polysulfide bonds formed by sulphur in the system, and it is more obvious than that with dicumyl peroxide (DCP) vulcanization system. The degree of isomerisation shows a positive correlation with the sulphur dosage and can reach 10% with 3 phr sulphur. Experiments also prove that zinc oxide (ZnO) and antioxidants have a significant inhibitory effect on the isomerisation during the vulcanization. The isomerisation degree of BR/ZnO-4 is reduced by half compared to that of BR/ZnO-0. The effect of antioxidant poly (1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethyl-quinoline) (RD) is greater than that of N-1,3-dimethylbutyl-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) due to its higher activity. The isomerisation of BR compound in the vulcanization is not affected significantly by the accelerator types. Besides, the isomerisation degree of Nd-BR with higher chain regularity is lower than that of Ni-BR with the same vulcanization system. The investigation above provides new perspectives and inspirations for the optimization of formula and scientific analysis on the structure-property relationship of BR composite. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T04:08:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ffb1931858d946e8a88c7b61e0d74143 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2238-7854 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T04:08:58Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| spelling | doaj.art-ffb1931858d946e8a88c7b61e0d741432023-06-21T06:57:57ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542023-05-012494919499In-situ FTIR investigation of isomerisation of cis-butadiene rubber during the vulcanizationJiwen Liu0Hailing Dong1Yongjie Ma2Ping Jiang3Gerhard Ziegmann4Shugao Zhao5Hongying Zhao6Sino-German Institute for High Performance Materials and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China; Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, ChinaKey Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, ChinaSino-German Institute for High Performance Materials and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China; Institute of Polymer Materials and Plastics Engineering, TU Clausthal, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, 38678, GermanyKey Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, ChinaInstitute of Polymer Materials and Plastics Engineering, TU Clausthal, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, 38678, GermanySino-German Institute for High Performance Materials and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China; Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, ChinaSino-German Institute for High Performance Materials and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China; Chinese-German Faculty of Science and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China; Corresponding author.The physical properties of cis-butadiene rubber (BR) have been shown to be critically dependent on its stereoregularity. In this work, the evolution process and influencing factors of cis-trans isomerisation of BR based on the conventional formulation system during its vulcanization process are systematically investigated using in-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) technology. The results show that the isomerisation occurs in the BR compound with sulphur vulcanization system in both non-isothermal and isothermal vulcanization processes because of the polysulfide bonds formed by sulphur in the system, and it is more obvious than that with dicumyl peroxide (DCP) vulcanization system. The degree of isomerisation shows a positive correlation with the sulphur dosage and can reach 10% with 3 phr sulphur. Experiments also prove that zinc oxide (ZnO) and antioxidants have a significant inhibitory effect on the isomerisation during the vulcanization. The isomerisation degree of BR/ZnO-4 is reduced by half compared to that of BR/ZnO-0. The effect of antioxidant poly (1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethyl-quinoline) (RD) is greater than that of N-1,3-dimethylbutyl-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) due to its higher activity. The isomerisation of BR compound in the vulcanization is not affected significantly by the accelerator types. Besides, the isomerisation degree of Nd-BR with higher chain regularity is lower than that of Ni-BR with the same vulcanization system. The investigation above provides new perspectives and inspirations for the optimization of formula and scientific analysis on the structure-property relationship of BR composite.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785423011225Butadiene rubberCis-trans isomerisationVulcanization processIn-situ FTIR |
| spellingShingle | Jiwen Liu Hailing Dong Yongjie Ma Ping Jiang Gerhard Ziegmann Shugao Zhao Hongying Zhao In-situ FTIR investigation of isomerisation of cis-butadiene rubber during the vulcanization Journal of Materials Research and Technology Butadiene rubber Cis-trans isomerisation Vulcanization process In-situ FTIR |
| title | In-situ FTIR investigation of isomerisation of cis-butadiene rubber during the vulcanization |
| title_full | In-situ FTIR investigation of isomerisation of cis-butadiene rubber during the vulcanization |
| title_fullStr | In-situ FTIR investigation of isomerisation of cis-butadiene rubber during the vulcanization |
| title_full_unstemmed | In-situ FTIR investigation of isomerisation of cis-butadiene rubber during the vulcanization |
| title_short | In-situ FTIR investigation of isomerisation of cis-butadiene rubber during the vulcanization |
| title_sort | in situ ftir investigation of isomerisation of cis butadiene rubber during the vulcanization |
| topic | Butadiene rubber Cis-trans isomerisation Vulcanization process In-situ FTIR |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785423011225 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jiwenliu insituftirinvestigationofisomerisationofcisbutadienerubberduringthevulcanization AT hailingdong insituftirinvestigationofisomerisationofcisbutadienerubberduringthevulcanization AT yongjiema insituftirinvestigationofisomerisationofcisbutadienerubberduringthevulcanization AT pingjiang insituftirinvestigationofisomerisationofcisbutadienerubberduringthevulcanization AT gerhardziegmann insituftirinvestigationofisomerisationofcisbutadienerubberduringthevulcanization AT shugaozhao insituftirinvestigationofisomerisationofcisbutadienerubberduringthevulcanization AT hongyingzhao insituftirinvestigationofisomerisationofcisbutadienerubberduringthevulcanization |