Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms in Erythrocytes and in the Central Nervous System
Differential antioxidant action is found upon comparison of organ/tissue systems in the human body. In erythrocytes (red blood cells), which transport oxygen and carbon dioxide through the circulatory system, the most important issue is to keep hemoglobin in a functional state that requires maintain...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-02-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/8/2/46 |
| _version_ | 1827854080988413952 |
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| author | Rafael Franco Gemma Navarro Eva Martínez-Pinilla |
| author_facet | Rafael Franco Gemma Navarro Eva Martínez-Pinilla |
| author_sort | Rafael Franco |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Differential antioxidant action is found upon comparison of organ/tissue systems in the human body. In erythrocytes (red blood cells), which transport oxygen and carbon dioxide through the circulatory system, the most important issue is to keep hemoglobin in a functional state that requires maintaining the haem group in ferrous (Fe<sup>2+</sup>) state. Conversion of oxidized Fe<sup>3+</sup> back into Fe<sup>2+</sup> in hemoglobin needs a special mechanism involving a tripeptide glutathione, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and glucose and NADPH as suppliers of reducing power. Fava beans are probably a good resource to make the detox innate system more robust as the pro-oxidant molecules in this food likely induce the upregulation of members of such mechanisms. The central nervous system consumes more oxygen than the majority of human tissues, i.e., 20% of the body’s total oxygen consumption and, therefore, it is exposed to a high level of oxidative stress. This fact, together with the progressive age-related decline in the efficiency of the antioxidant defense system, leads to neuronal death and disease. The innate mechanism operating in the central nervous system is not well known and seems different to that of the erythrocytes. The strategies of antioxidant intervention in brain will be reviewed here. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T11:16:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ffcbc9197a2249d0a3bff9e97cee208f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T11:16:15Z |
| publishDate | 2019-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-ffcbc9197a2249d0a3bff9e97cee208f2023-09-02T02:06:55ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212019-02-01824610.3390/antiox8020046antiox8020046Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms in Erythrocytes and in the Central Nervous SystemRafael Franco0Gemma Navarro1Eva Martínez-Pinilla2Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Biology School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, SpainCentro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28031, SpainDepartamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Asturias 33006, SpainDifferential antioxidant action is found upon comparison of organ/tissue systems in the human body. In erythrocytes (red blood cells), which transport oxygen and carbon dioxide through the circulatory system, the most important issue is to keep hemoglobin in a functional state that requires maintaining the haem group in ferrous (Fe<sup>2+</sup>) state. Conversion of oxidized Fe<sup>3+</sup> back into Fe<sup>2+</sup> in hemoglobin needs a special mechanism involving a tripeptide glutathione, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and glucose and NADPH as suppliers of reducing power. Fava beans are probably a good resource to make the detox innate system more robust as the pro-oxidant molecules in this food likely induce the upregulation of members of such mechanisms. The central nervous system consumes more oxygen than the majority of human tissues, i.e., 20% of the body’s total oxygen consumption and, therefore, it is exposed to a high level of oxidative stress. This fact, together with the progressive age-related decline in the efficiency of the antioxidant defense system, leads to neuronal death and disease. The innate mechanism operating in the central nervous system is not well known and seems different to that of the erythrocytes. The strategies of antioxidant intervention in brain will be reviewed here.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/8/2/46CNSfava beansinnate mechanismsoxidative stresspentose pathway |
| spellingShingle | Rafael Franco Gemma Navarro Eva Martínez-Pinilla Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms in Erythrocytes and in the Central Nervous System Antioxidants CNS fava beans innate mechanisms oxidative stress pentose pathway |
| title | Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms in Erythrocytes and in the Central Nervous System |
| title_full | Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms in Erythrocytes and in the Central Nervous System |
| title_fullStr | Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms in Erythrocytes and in the Central Nervous System |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms in Erythrocytes and in the Central Nervous System |
| title_short | Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms in Erythrocytes and in the Central Nervous System |
| title_sort | antioxidant defense mechanisms in erythrocytes and in the central nervous system |
| topic | CNS fava beans innate mechanisms oxidative stress pentose pathway |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/8/2/46 |
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