The Antibiotics Used in Livestock and Their Impact on Resistance in <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> and <i>Enterococcus hirae</i> on Farms in Gabon
The emergence of antibiotic resistance is a major concern around the world. The objective of this study was to investigate the antibiotics used in livestock and their impact on resistance in <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> and <i>Enterococcus hirae</i> on farms in Gabon. A struct...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-02-01
|
| Series: | Antibiotics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/11/2/224 |
| _version_ | 1827657578921852928 |
|---|---|
| author | Désiré Otsaghe Ekore Richard Onanga Pierre Phillipe Mbehang Nguema Chloé Lozano Brice Serge Kumulungui |
| author_facet | Désiré Otsaghe Ekore Richard Onanga Pierre Phillipe Mbehang Nguema Chloé Lozano Brice Serge Kumulungui |
| author_sort | Désiré Otsaghe Ekore |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The emergence of antibiotic resistance is a major concern around the world. The objective of this study was to investigate the antibiotics used in livestock and their impact on resistance in <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> and <i>Enterococcus hirae</i> on farms in Gabon. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on the farms. Samples were collected from farms (<i>n</i> = 20) tested for <i>Enterococcus</i> by culture and isolation and were identified using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by the disc diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar. The 20 farms included laying hens (6), swine (6), sheep (4) and cattle farms (4). Tetracycline was the most used antibiotic family (91%) and the most used prophylactic method (47%) for the treatment of animals. A total of 555 samples were collected and 515 (93%) <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. isolates of the genus were obtained. The prevalence of <i>E. faecium</i> and <i>E. hirae</i> were 10% and 8%, respectively. The isolates from <i>E. faecium</i> and <i>E. hirae</i> we found were related to clinical and human isolates in the NCBI database. <i>E. faecium</i> and <i>E. hirae</i> isolates showed a high resistance to tetracycline (69% and 65%) and rifampicin (39% and 56%). The <i>tet(M)</i> gene was detected in 65 tetracycline-resistant isolates with a large majority in hens (78% (21/27) and 86% (12/14) in <i>E. faecium</i> and <i>E. hirae</i>, respectively). The consumption of antibiotics favours the emergence of antibiotic resistance in animals in Gabon. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:47:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ffddad76d30a440aa4f6fd4c105fd908 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:47:01Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-ffddad76d30a440aa4f6fd4c105fd9082023-11-23T18:28:32ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822022-02-0111222410.3390/antibiotics11020224The Antibiotics Used in Livestock and Their Impact on Resistance in <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> and <i>Enterococcus hirae</i> on Farms in GabonDésiré Otsaghe Ekore0Richard Onanga1Pierre Phillipe Mbehang Nguema2Chloé Lozano3Brice Serge Kumulungui4Centre International de Recherche Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, GabonCentre International de Recherche Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, GabonCentre International de Recherche Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, GabonCentre International de Recherche Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, GabonCentre International de Recherche Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, GabonThe emergence of antibiotic resistance is a major concern around the world. The objective of this study was to investigate the antibiotics used in livestock and their impact on resistance in <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> and <i>Enterococcus hirae</i> on farms in Gabon. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on the farms. Samples were collected from farms (<i>n</i> = 20) tested for <i>Enterococcus</i> by culture and isolation and were identified using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by the disc diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar. The 20 farms included laying hens (6), swine (6), sheep (4) and cattle farms (4). Tetracycline was the most used antibiotic family (91%) and the most used prophylactic method (47%) for the treatment of animals. A total of 555 samples were collected and 515 (93%) <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. isolates of the genus were obtained. The prevalence of <i>E. faecium</i> and <i>E. hirae</i> were 10% and 8%, respectively. The isolates from <i>E. faecium</i> and <i>E. hirae</i> we found were related to clinical and human isolates in the NCBI database. <i>E. faecium</i> and <i>E. hirae</i> isolates showed a high resistance to tetracycline (69% and 65%) and rifampicin (39% and 56%). The <i>tet(M)</i> gene was detected in 65 tetracycline-resistant isolates with a large majority in hens (78% (21/27) and 86% (12/14) in <i>E. faecium</i> and <i>E. hirae</i>, respectively). The consumption of antibiotics favours the emergence of antibiotic resistance in animals in Gabon.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/11/2/224<i>E. faecium</i><i>E. hirae</i>antibioticslivestockGabon |
| spellingShingle | Désiré Otsaghe Ekore Richard Onanga Pierre Phillipe Mbehang Nguema Chloé Lozano Brice Serge Kumulungui The Antibiotics Used in Livestock and Their Impact on Resistance in <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> and <i>Enterococcus hirae</i> on Farms in Gabon Antibiotics <i>E. faecium</i> <i>E. hirae</i> antibiotics livestock Gabon |
| title | The Antibiotics Used in Livestock and Their Impact on Resistance in <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> and <i>Enterococcus hirae</i> on Farms in Gabon |
| title_full | The Antibiotics Used in Livestock and Their Impact on Resistance in <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> and <i>Enterococcus hirae</i> on Farms in Gabon |
| title_fullStr | The Antibiotics Used in Livestock and Their Impact on Resistance in <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> and <i>Enterococcus hirae</i> on Farms in Gabon |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Antibiotics Used in Livestock and Their Impact on Resistance in <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> and <i>Enterococcus hirae</i> on Farms in Gabon |
| title_short | The Antibiotics Used in Livestock and Their Impact on Resistance in <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> and <i>Enterococcus hirae</i> on Farms in Gabon |
| title_sort | antibiotics used in livestock and their impact on resistance in i enterococcus faecium i and i enterococcus hirae i on farms in gabon |
| topic | <i>E. faecium</i> <i>E. hirae</i> antibiotics livestock Gabon |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/11/2/224 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT desireotsagheekore theantibioticsusedinlivestockandtheirimpactonresistanceinienterococcusfaeciumiandienterococcushiraeionfarmsingabon AT richardonanga theantibioticsusedinlivestockandtheirimpactonresistanceinienterococcusfaeciumiandienterococcushiraeionfarmsingabon AT pierrephillipembehangnguema theantibioticsusedinlivestockandtheirimpactonresistanceinienterococcusfaeciumiandienterococcushiraeionfarmsingabon AT chloelozano theantibioticsusedinlivestockandtheirimpactonresistanceinienterococcusfaeciumiandienterococcushiraeionfarmsingabon AT bricesergekumulungui theantibioticsusedinlivestockandtheirimpactonresistanceinienterococcusfaeciumiandienterococcushiraeionfarmsingabon AT desireotsagheekore antibioticsusedinlivestockandtheirimpactonresistanceinienterococcusfaeciumiandienterococcushiraeionfarmsingabon AT richardonanga antibioticsusedinlivestockandtheirimpactonresistanceinienterococcusfaeciumiandienterococcushiraeionfarmsingabon AT pierrephillipembehangnguema antibioticsusedinlivestockandtheirimpactonresistanceinienterococcusfaeciumiandienterococcushiraeionfarmsingabon AT chloelozano antibioticsusedinlivestockandtheirimpactonresistanceinienterococcusfaeciumiandienterococcushiraeionfarmsingabon AT bricesergekumulungui antibioticsusedinlivestockandtheirimpactonresistanceinienterococcusfaeciumiandienterococcushiraeionfarmsingabon |