Enhanced Emission of Monoterpene 3-Carene in <i>Pinus densiflora</i> Infected by Pine Wood Nematode and Characterization of 3-Carene Synthase
<i>Pinus densiflora</i> is an important pine species in Northeast Asia due to its historical, cultural, and economic values. Pine wood nematode (PWN) seriously damages <i>P. densiflora,</i> causing the pine wilt disease (PWD). Changes of phyto-compounds in resin and monoterpe...
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/5/514 |
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| author | Hwan-Su Hwang Jung-Yeon Han Yong-Eui Choi |
| author_facet | Hwan-Su Hwang Jung-Yeon Han Yong-Eui Choi |
| author_sort | Hwan-Su Hwang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Pinus densiflora</i> is an important pine species in Northeast Asia due to its historical, cultural, and economic values. Pine wood nematode (PWN) seriously damages <i>P. densiflora,</i> causing the pine wilt disease (PWD). Changes of phyto-compounds in resin and monoterpenes in <i>P. densiflora</i> after infection of PWN were studied. The changes were identified by GC-MS in control and infected <i>P. densiflora</i>. Among the resin phytochemicals (in <i>P. densiflora</i>), 3-carene was distinctly enhanced after PWN inoculation. The emitted plant volatile monoterpenes were analyzed by HS-SPME/GC-MS. It was observed that the amount of 3-carene enhanced conspicuously after infection of PWNs in both <i>P. densiflora</i> and <i>P. koraiensis</i> at 9.7 and 54.7 times, respectively. 3-Carene synthase gene (<i>Pd3-cars</i>) of <i>P. densiflora</i> was isolated and functionally characterized by transgenic tobacco overexpressing <i>Pd3-cars</i>. Integration and expression of transgenic tobacco were confirmed by genomic and RT-PCR analysis. The <i>Pd3-cars</i> gene was expressed in transgenic tobacco plants. Furthermore, the production of 3-carene was identified by HS-SPME/GC-MS analysis as the volatile compounds emitted from leaves of transgenic tobacco. Treatment of 3-carene to PWNs showed a mild nematicidal activity with 45.98% mortality at the concentration of 10 mg/mL. The current findings may apply to the early diagnosis of pine wilt disease infected by PWNs through enhanced emission of 3-carene. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:08:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ffe2048a1fac4f29886628d627e1c073 |
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| issn | 1999-4907 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:08:14Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Forests |
| spelling | doaj.art-ffe2048a1fac4f29886628d627e1c0732023-11-21T16:28:54ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072021-04-0112551410.3390/f12050514Enhanced Emission of Monoterpene 3-Carene in <i>Pinus densiflora</i> Infected by Pine Wood Nematode and Characterization of 3-Carene SynthaseHwan-Su Hwang0Jung-Yeon Han1Yong-Eui Choi2Department of Forest Resources, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, KoreaDepartment of Forest Resources, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, KoreaDepartment of Forest Resources, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea<i>Pinus densiflora</i> is an important pine species in Northeast Asia due to its historical, cultural, and economic values. Pine wood nematode (PWN) seriously damages <i>P. densiflora,</i> causing the pine wilt disease (PWD). Changes of phyto-compounds in resin and monoterpenes in <i>P. densiflora</i> after infection of PWN were studied. The changes were identified by GC-MS in control and infected <i>P. densiflora</i>. Among the resin phytochemicals (in <i>P. densiflora</i>), 3-carene was distinctly enhanced after PWN inoculation. The emitted plant volatile monoterpenes were analyzed by HS-SPME/GC-MS. It was observed that the amount of 3-carene enhanced conspicuously after infection of PWNs in both <i>P. densiflora</i> and <i>P. koraiensis</i> at 9.7 and 54.7 times, respectively. 3-Carene synthase gene (<i>Pd3-cars</i>) of <i>P. densiflora</i> was isolated and functionally characterized by transgenic tobacco overexpressing <i>Pd3-cars</i>. Integration and expression of transgenic tobacco were confirmed by genomic and RT-PCR analysis. The <i>Pd3-cars</i> gene was expressed in transgenic tobacco plants. Furthermore, the production of 3-carene was identified by HS-SPME/GC-MS analysis as the volatile compounds emitted from leaves of transgenic tobacco. Treatment of 3-carene to PWNs showed a mild nematicidal activity with 45.98% mortality at the concentration of 10 mg/mL. The current findings may apply to the early diagnosis of pine wilt disease infected by PWNs through enhanced emission of 3-carene.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/5/514pine wilt disease<i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</i>Korean red pinevolatile organic compounds3-carene synthase |
| spellingShingle | Hwan-Su Hwang Jung-Yeon Han Yong-Eui Choi Enhanced Emission of Monoterpene 3-Carene in <i>Pinus densiflora</i> Infected by Pine Wood Nematode and Characterization of 3-Carene Synthase Forests pine wilt disease <i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</i> Korean red pine volatile organic compounds 3-carene synthase |
| title | Enhanced Emission of Monoterpene 3-Carene in <i>Pinus densiflora</i> Infected by Pine Wood Nematode and Characterization of 3-Carene Synthase |
| title_full | Enhanced Emission of Monoterpene 3-Carene in <i>Pinus densiflora</i> Infected by Pine Wood Nematode and Characterization of 3-Carene Synthase |
| title_fullStr | Enhanced Emission of Monoterpene 3-Carene in <i>Pinus densiflora</i> Infected by Pine Wood Nematode and Characterization of 3-Carene Synthase |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enhanced Emission of Monoterpene 3-Carene in <i>Pinus densiflora</i> Infected by Pine Wood Nematode and Characterization of 3-Carene Synthase |
| title_short | Enhanced Emission of Monoterpene 3-Carene in <i>Pinus densiflora</i> Infected by Pine Wood Nematode and Characterization of 3-Carene Synthase |
| title_sort | enhanced emission of monoterpene 3 carene in i pinus densiflora i infected by pine wood nematode and characterization of 3 carene synthase |
| topic | pine wilt disease <i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</i> Korean red pine volatile organic compounds 3-carene synthase |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/5/514 |
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