The coexistence of stunting and overweight or obesity in Ethiopian children: prevalence, trends and associated factors
Abstract Background Double burden of childhood malnutrition is a condition where undernutrition (stunting) along with overweight and obesity coexist within individuals, households, and populations. It reflects a new layer of malnutrition and an understudied phenomenon in many low-income settings. To...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-05-01
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| Series: | BMC Pediatrics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-023-04037-7 |
| _version_ | 1797831925817147392 |
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| author | Biniyam Sahiledengle Lillian Mwanri Abera Kumie Girma Beressa Daniel Atlaw Yohannes Tekalegn Demisu Zenbaba Fikreab Desta Chala Kene Kenbon Seyoum Degefa Gomora Demelash Woldeyohannes Kingsley Emwinyore Agho |
| author_facet | Biniyam Sahiledengle Lillian Mwanri Abera Kumie Girma Beressa Daniel Atlaw Yohannes Tekalegn Demisu Zenbaba Fikreab Desta Chala Kene Kenbon Seyoum Degefa Gomora Demelash Woldeyohannes Kingsley Emwinyore Agho |
| author_sort | Biniyam Sahiledengle |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Double burden of childhood malnutrition is a condition where undernutrition (stunting) along with overweight and obesity coexist within individuals, households, and populations. It reflects a new layer of malnutrition and an understudied phenomenon in many low-income settings. To date, the prevalence and factors that are associated with concurrent stunting and overweight or obesity (overweight/obesity) (CSO) in the same children have not been well researched in Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to assess the prevalence, trends, and factors associated with the coexistence of stunting and overweight or obesity among children aged 0–59 months in Ethiopia. Methods Pooled data from 2005, 2011 and 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) were used. A total of 23,756 (weighted sample) children aged 0–59 months were included in the study. Height-for-age z-scores (HAZ) less than − 2 SD and weight-for-height z-scores (WHZ) above 2 SD were calculated, and children were classified as stunted and overweight/obese, respectively. A child who is simultaneously stunted and overweight/obese was considered as having HAZ below − 2 SD and WHZ above 2 SD computed into a variable named CSO, and reported as a binary outcome (yes or no). Multilevel logistic regression analysis that adjusts for sampling weights and clustering was used to identify factors associated with CSO. Results The prevalence of stunting, overweight or obesity, and CSO among under-five children was 43.12% [95% CI: (42.50, 43.75%)], 2.62% [95% CI: (2.42, 2.83%)], and 1.33% [95% CI: (1.18, 1.48%)], respectively. The percentage of CSO children was reported to have declined from 2.36% [95% CI: (1.94–2.85)] in 2005 to 0.87% [95%CI: (0.07–1.07)] in 2011, and the same appeared to have increased slightly to 1.34% [95%CI: (1.13–1.59)] in 2016. Children who were currently breastfeeding [AOR: 1.64, 95%CI: (1.01–2.72)], born to an overweight mother [AOR: 2.65, 95%CI: (1.19–5.88)], and lived in families with 1–4 household members [AOR: 1.52, 95%CI: (1.02–2.26)] were significantly associated with CSO. At the community level the odds of having CSO were higher among children included from EDHS-2005 [AOR: 4.38, 95%CI: (2.42–7.95)]. Conclusion The study revealed that less than 2% of children had CSO in Ethiopia. CSO was linked to factors at both the individual (i.e. breastfeeding status, maternal overweight, and household size) and community-levels. Overall, the study findings indicated the necessity of focused interventions to simultaneously address double burden of childhood malnutrition in Ethiopia. To further combat the double burden of malnutrition, early identification of at-risk children, including those born to overweight women and children living with multiple household members, is indispensable. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T13:59:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ffe464ef7581483893a9b7e3c10eb4e4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2431 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T13:59:33Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Pediatrics |
| spelling | doaj.art-ffe464ef7581483893a9b7e3c10eb4e42023-05-07T11:24:29ZengBMCBMC Pediatrics1471-24312023-05-0123111610.1186/s12887-023-04037-7The coexistence of stunting and overweight or obesity in Ethiopian children: prevalence, trends and associated factorsBiniyam Sahiledengle0Lillian Mwanri1Abera Kumie2Girma Beressa3Daniel Atlaw4Yohannes Tekalegn5Demisu Zenbaba6Fikreab Desta7Chala Kene8Kenbon Seyoum9Degefa Gomora10Demelash Woldeyohannes11Kingsley Emwinyore Agho12Department of Public Health, Madda Walabu University Goba Referral HospitalCentre for Public Health Research, Equity and Human Flourishing, Torrens University, Adelaide CampusSchool of Public Health, College of Health Science, Addis Ababa UniversityDepartment of Public Health, Madda Walabu University Goba Referral HospitalDepartment of Human Anatomy, Madda Walabu University Goba Referral HospitalDepartment of Public Health, Madda Walabu University Goba Referral HospitalDepartment of Public Health, Madda Walabu University Goba Referral HospitalDepartment of Public Health, Madda Walabu University Goba Referral HospitalDepartment of Midwifery, Madda Walabu University Goba Referral HospitalDepartment of Midwifery, Madda Walabu University Goba Referral HospitalDepartment of Midwifery, Madda Walabu University Goba Referral HospitalDepartment of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wachemo UniversitySchool of Health Sciences, Western Sydney UniversityAbstract Background Double burden of childhood malnutrition is a condition where undernutrition (stunting) along with overweight and obesity coexist within individuals, households, and populations. It reflects a new layer of malnutrition and an understudied phenomenon in many low-income settings. To date, the prevalence and factors that are associated with concurrent stunting and overweight or obesity (overweight/obesity) (CSO) in the same children have not been well researched in Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to assess the prevalence, trends, and factors associated with the coexistence of stunting and overweight or obesity among children aged 0–59 months in Ethiopia. Methods Pooled data from 2005, 2011 and 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) were used. A total of 23,756 (weighted sample) children aged 0–59 months were included in the study. Height-for-age z-scores (HAZ) less than − 2 SD and weight-for-height z-scores (WHZ) above 2 SD were calculated, and children were classified as stunted and overweight/obese, respectively. A child who is simultaneously stunted and overweight/obese was considered as having HAZ below − 2 SD and WHZ above 2 SD computed into a variable named CSO, and reported as a binary outcome (yes or no). Multilevel logistic regression analysis that adjusts for sampling weights and clustering was used to identify factors associated with CSO. Results The prevalence of stunting, overweight or obesity, and CSO among under-five children was 43.12% [95% CI: (42.50, 43.75%)], 2.62% [95% CI: (2.42, 2.83%)], and 1.33% [95% CI: (1.18, 1.48%)], respectively. The percentage of CSO children was reported to have declined from 2.36% [95% CI: (1.94–2.85)] in 2005 to 0.87% [95%CI: (0.07–1.07)] in 2011, and the same appeared to have increased slightly to 1.34% [95%CI: (1.13–1.59)] in 2016. Children who were currently breastfeeding [AOR: 1.64, 95%CI: (1.01–2.72)], born to an overweight mother [AOR: 2.65, 95%CI: (1.19–5.88)], and lived in families with 1–4 household members [AOR: 1.52, 95%CI: (1.02–2.26)] were significantly associated with CSO. At the community level the odds of having CSO were higher among children included from EDHS-2005 [AOR: 4.38, 95%CI: (2.42–7.95)]. Conclusion The study revealed that less than 2% of children had CSO in Ethiopia. CSO was linked to factors at both the individual (i.e. breastfeeding status, maternal overweight, and household size) and community-levels. Overall, the study findings indicated the necessity of focused interventions to simultaneously address double burden of childhood malnutrition in Ethiopia. To further combat the double burden of malnutrition, early identification of at-risk children, including those born to overweight women and children living with multiple household members, is indispensable.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-023-04037-7Double burdenMalnutritionConcurrent stunting and overweight or obesityEthiopia |
| spellingShingle | Biniyam Sahiledengle Lillian Mwanri Abera Kumie Girma Beressa Daniel Atlaw Yohannes Tekalegn Demisu Zenbaba Fikreab Desta Chala Kene Kenbon Seyoum Degefa Gomora Demelash Woldeyohannes Kingsley Emwinyore Agho The coexistence of stunting and overweight or obesity in Ethiopian children: prevalence, trends and associated factors BMC Pediatrics Double burden Malnutrition Concurrent stunting and overweight or obesity Ethiopia |
| title | The coexistence of stunting and overweight or obesity in Ethiopian children: prevalence, trends and associated factors |
| title_full | The coexistence of stunting and overweight or obesity in Ethiopian children: prevalence, trends and associated factors |
| title_fullStr | The coexistence of stunting and overweight or obesity in Ethiopian children: prevalence, trends and associated factors |
| title_full_unstemmed | The coexistence of stunting and overweight or obesity in Ethiopian children: prevalence, trends and associated factors |
| title_short | The coexistence of stunting and overweight or obesity in Ethiopian children: prevalence, trends and associated factors |
| title_sort | coexistence of stunting and overweight or obesity in ethiopian children prevalence trends and associated factors |
| topic | Double burden Malnutrition Concurrent stunting and overweight or obesity Ethiopia |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-023-04037-7 |
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