Incidence and predictors of attrition among patients receiving ART in eastern Zimbabwe before, and after the introduction of universal 'treat-all' policies: A competing risk analysis.
As HIV treatment is expanded, attention is focused on minimizing attrition from care. We evaluated the impact of treat-all policies on the incidence and determinants of attrition amongst clients receiving ART in eastern Zimbabwe. Data were retrospectively collected from the medical records of adult...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2021-01-01
|
| Series: | PLOS Global Public Health |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000006 |
| _version_ | 1797699979898257408 |
|---|---|
| author | Malebogo Tlhajoane Freedom Dzamatira Noah Kadzura Constance Nyamukapa Jeffrey W Eaton Simon Gregson |
| author_facet | Malebogo Tlhajoane Freedom Dzamatira Noah Kadzura Constance Nyamukapa Jeffrey W Eaton Simon Gregson |
| author_sort | Malebogo Tlhajoane |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | As HIV treatment is expanded, attention is focused on minimizing attrition from care. We evaluated the impact of treat-all policies on the incidence and determinants of attrition amongst clients receiving ART in eastern Zimbabwe. Data were retrospectively collected from the medical records of adult patients (aged≥18 years) enrolled into care from July 2015 to June 2016-pre-treat-all era, and July 2016 to June 2017-treat-all era, selected from 12 purposively sampled health facilities. Attrition was defined as an absence from care >90 days following ART initiation. Survival-time methods were used to derive incidence rates (IRs), and competing risk regression used in bivariate and multivariable modelling. In total, 829 patients had newly initiated ART and were included in the analysis (pre-treat-all 30.6%; treat-all 69.4%). Incidence of attrition (per 1000 person-days) increased between the two time periods (pre-treat-all IR = 1.18 (95%CI: 0.90-1.56) versus treat-all period IR = 1.62 (95%CI: 1.37-1.91)). In crude analysis, patients at increased risk of attrition were those enrolled into care during the treat-all period, <34 years of age, WHO stage I at enrolment, and had initiated ART on the same day as HIV diagnosis. After accounting for mediating clinical characteristics, the difference in attrition between the pre-treat-all, and treat-all periods ceased to be statistically significant. In a full multivariable model, attrition was significantly higher amongst same-day ART initiates (aSHR = 1.47, 95%CI:1.05-2.06). Implementation of treat-all policies was associated with an increased incidence of ART attrition, driven largely by ART initiation on the same day as HIV diagnosis which increased significantly in the treat all period. Differentiated adherence counselling for patients at increased risk of attrition, and improved access to clinical monitoring may improve retention in care. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T04:15:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ffe88864baa9478a8bef1365e7cd1be7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2767-3375 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T04:15:40Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLOS Global Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-ffe88864baa9478a8bef1365e7cd1be72023-09-03T10:39:16ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLOS Global Public Health2767-33752021-01-01110e000000610.1371/journal.pgph.0000006Incidence and predictors of attrition among patients receiving ART in eastern Zimbabwe before, and after the introduction of universal 'treat-all' policies: A competing risk analysis.Malebogo TlhajoaneFreedom DzamatiraNoah KadzuraConstance NyamukapaJeffrey W EatonSimon GregsonAs HIV treatment is expanded, attention is focused on minimizing attrition from care. We evaluated the impact of treat-all policies on the incidence and determinants of attrition amongst clients receiving ART in eastern Zimbabwe. Data were retrospectively collected from the medical records of adult patients (aged≥18 years) enrolled into care from July 2015 to June 2016-pre-treat-all era, and July 2016 to June 2017-treat-all era, selected from 12 purposively sampled health facilities. Attrition was defined as an absence from care >90 days following ART initiation. Survival-time methods were used to derive incidence rates (IRs), and competing risk regression used in bivariate and multivariable modelling. In total, 829 patients had newly initiated ART and were included in the analysis (pre-treat-all 30.6%; treat-all 69.4%). Incidence of attrition (per 1000 person-days) increased between the two time periods (pre-treat-all IR = 1.18 (95%CI: 0.90-1.56) versus treat-all period IR = 1.62 (95%CI: 1.37-1.91)). In crude analysis, patients at increased risk of attrition were those enrolled into care during the treat-all period, <34 years of age, WHO stage I at enrolment, and had initiated ART on the same day as HIV diagnosis. After accounting for mediating clinical characteristics, the difference in attrition between the pre-treat-all, and treat-all periods ceased to be statistically significant. In a full multivariable model, attrition was significantly higher amongst same-day ART initiates (aSHR = 1.47, 95%CI:1.05-2.06). Implementation of treat-all policies was associated with an increased incidence of ART attrition, driven largely by ART initiation on the same day as HIV diagnosis which increased significantly in the treat all period. Differentiated adherence counselling for patients at increased risk of attrition, and improved access to clinical monitoring may improve retention in care.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000006 |
| spellingShingle | Malebogo Tlhajoane Freedom Dzamatira Noah Kadzura Constance Nyamukapa Jeffrey W Eaton Simon Gregson Incidence and predictors of attrition among patients receiving ART in eastern Zimbabwe before, and after the introduction of universal 'treat-all' policies: A competing risk analysis. PLOS Global Public Health |
| title | Incidence and predictors of attrition among patients receiving ART in eastern Zimbabwe before, and after the introduction of universal 'treat-all' policies: A competing risk analysis. |
| title_full | Incidence and predictors of attrition among patients receiving ART in eastern Zimbabwe before, and after the introduction of universal 'treat-all' policies: A competing risk analysis. |
| title_fullStr | Incidence and predictors of attrition among patients receiving ART in eastern Zimbabwe before, and after the introduction of universal 'treat-all' policies: A competing risk analysis. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Incidence and predictors of attrition among patients receiving ART in eastern Zimbabwe before, and after the introduction of universal 'treat-all' policies: A competing risk analysis. |
| title_short | Incidence and predictors of attrition among patients receiving ART in eastern Zimbabwe before, and after the introduction of universal 'treat-all' policies: A competing risk analysis. |
| title_sort | incidence and predictors of attrition among patients receiving art in eastern zimbabwe before and after the introduction of universal treat all policies a competing risk analysis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000006 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT malebogotlhajoane incidenceandpredictorsofattritionamongpatientsreceivingartineasternzimbabwebeforeandaftertheintroductionofuniversaltreatallpoliciesacompetingriskanalysis AT freedomdzamatira incidenceandpredictorsofattritionamongpatientsreceivingartineasternzimbabwebeforeandaftertheintroductionofuniversaltreatallpoliciesacompetingriskanalysis AT noahkadzura incidenceandpredictorsofattritionamongpatientsreceivingartineasternzimbabwebeforeandaftertheintroductionofuniversaltreatallpoliciesacompetingriskanalysis AT constancenyamukapa incidenceandpredictorsofattritionamongpatientsreceivingartineasternzimbabwebeforeandaftertheintroductionofuniversaltreatallpoliciesacompetingriskanalysis AT jeffreyweaton incidenceandpredictorsofattritionamongpatientsreceivingartineasternzimbabwebeforeandaftertheintroductionofuniversaltreatallpoliciesacompetingriskanalysis AT simongregson incidenceandpredictorsofattritionamongpatientsreceivingartineasternzimbabwebeforeandaftertheintroductionofuniversaltreatallpoliciesacompetingriskanalysis |