Optical Properties of Fine Particulate Matter in Upper Silesia, Poland
Ambient particles whose aerodynamic diameters were not greater than 2.5 µm (fine fraction of Particulate Matter; PM2.5) and 1 µm (PM1; sub-fraction of PM2.5) were sampled at three sites in Upper Silesia (Poland): urban background site, rural background site, and urban traffic site. In total, 240 sam...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2015-10-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/6/10/1521 |
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| author | Jozef S. Pastuszka Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska Krzysztof Klejnowski Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec |
| author_facet | Jozef S. Pastuszka Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska Krzysztof Klejnowski Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec |
| author_sort | Jozef S. Pastuszka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ambient particles whose aerodynamic diameters were not greater than 2.5 µm (fine fraction of Particulate Matter; PM2.5) and 1 µm (PM1; sub-fraction of PM2.5) were sampled at three sites in Upper Silesia (Poland): urban background site, rural background site, and urban traffic site. In total, 240 samples were collected between 2 August 2009 and 27 December 2010. The reflectance of the collected PM1 and PM2.5 samples was determined with a digital smoke stain reflectometer. The 24-h courses and seasonal changes of three determined optical parameters for PM1 and PM2.5 (absorption coefficient (a), mass absorption (σ), and mean light reflection coefficient (Rav)) were illustrated and discussed. The mean values of the regional background absorption coefficient (a) were 1.27 × 10−5 m−1 and 0.87 × 10−5 m−1 for PM2.5 and PM1, respectively. In Katowice (urban background), the mean absorption levels were 2.37 × 10−5 m−1 and 2.09 × 10−5 m−1 for PM2.5 and PM1, respectively. The highest values of the absorption coefficient for both PM fractions were found close to the highway (urban traffic site). In the heating season (winter), the absorption coefficient (a) for PM2.5 and PM1 increased significantly when compared with the non-heating season. The obtained results confirmed the thesis about the significant increase in the elemental PM2.5-bound carbon concentration caused by the intensified hard coal combustion in Upper Silesia in winter. Moreover, it turned out that the increase in the concentration of the PM2.5-bound sulphates was even higher, which resulted in the relative decrease of the elemental carbon content in this PM fraction in some areas. Consequently, the mass absorption value dropped there as well. |
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| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T07:38:39Z |
| publishDate | 2015-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-ffe99390d4b14506aa343d40c602a0a02022-12-22T02:56:01ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332015-10-016101521153810.3390/atmos6101521atmos6101521Optical Properties of Fine Particulate Matter in Upper Silesia, PolandJozef S. Pastuszka0Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska1Krzysztof Klejnowski2Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec3Department of Air Protection, Silesian University of Technology, 22B Konarskiego Street, 44-100 Gliwice, PolandInstitute of Environmental Engineering of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Skłodowskiej-Curie Street, 41-819 Zabrze, PolandInstitute of Environmental Engineering of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Skłodowskiej-Curie Street, 41-819 Zabrze, PolandInstitute of Environmental Engineering of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Skłodowskiej-Curie Street, 41-819 Zabrze, PolandAmbient particles whose aerodynamic diameters were not greater than 2.5 µm (fine fraction of Particulate Matter; PM2.5) and 1 µm (PM1; sub-fraction of PM2.5) were sampled at three sites in Upper Silesia (Poland): urban background site, rural background site, and urban traffic site. In total, 240 samples were collected between 2 August 2009 and 27 December 2010. The reflectance of the collected PM1 and PM2.5 samples was determined with a digital smoke stain reflectometer. The 24-h courses and seasonal changes of three determined optical parameters for PM1 and PM2.5 (absorption coefficient (a), mass absorption (σ), and mean light reflection coefficient (Rav)) were illustrated and discussed. The mean values of the regional background absorption coefficient (a) were 1.27 × 10−5 m−1 and 0.87 × 10−5 m−1 for PM2.5 and PM1, respectively. In Katowice (urban background), the mean absorption levels were 2.37 × 10−5 m−1 and 2.09 × 10−5 m−1 for PM2.5 and PM1, respectively. The highest values of the absorption coefficient for both PM fractions were found close to the highway (urban traffic site). In the heating season (winter), the absorption coefficient (a) for PM2.5 and PM1 increased significantly when compared with the non-heating season. The obtained results confirmed the thesis about the significant increase in the elemental PM2.5-bound carbon concentration caused by the intensified hard coal combustion in Upper Silesia in winter. Moreover, it turned out that the increase in the concentration of the PM2.5-bound sulphates was even higher, which resulted in the relative decrease of the elemental carbon content in this PM fraction in some areas. Consequently, the mass absorption value dropped there as well.http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/6/10/1521PM2.5PM1 absorption coefficientlight reflection coefficientelemental carbonblack carbonsulphatesmunicipal emissionhard coal combustionexhaust emission |
| spellingShingle | Jozef S. Pastuszka Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska Krzysztof Klejnowski Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec Optical Properties of Fine Particulate Matter in Upper Silesia, Poland Atmosphere PM2.5 PM1 absorption coefficient light reflection coefficient elemental carbon black carbon sulphates municipal emission hard coal combustion exhaust emission |
| title | Optical Properties of Fine Particulate Matter in Upper Silesia, Poland |
| title_full | Optical Properties of Fine Particulate Matter in Upper Silesia, Poland |
| title_fullStr | Optical Properties of Fine Particulate Matter in Upper Silesia, Poland |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optical Properties of Fine Particulate Matter in Upper Silesia, Poland |
| title_short | Optical Properties of Fine Particulate Matter in Upper Silesia, Poland |
| title_sort | optical properties of fine particulate matter in upper silesia poland |
| topic | PM2.5 PM1 absorption coefficient light reflection coefficient elemental carbon black carbon sulphates municipal emission hard coal combustion exhaust emission |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/6/10/1521 |
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