Optimizing Nitrogen Application in Root Vegetables from Their Growth, Biochemical and Antioxidant Response to Urea Fertilizer
Nitrogen is one of the most influencing inorganic nutrients for improved plant growth and yield in crops. However, excessive fertilizer application may have adverse impacts on the environment. Therefore, we strive to investigate in this work by examining the impact of different nitrogen (N) doses in...
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Agriculture |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/8/704 |
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| author | Adnan Shakeel Abrar Ahmad Khan Hesham F. Alharby Atif A. Bamagoos Nadiyah M. Alabdallah Khalid Rehman Hakeem |
| author_facet | Adnan Shakeel Abrar Ahmad Khan Hesham F. Alharby Atif A. Bamagoos Nadiyah M. Alabdallah Khalid Rehman Hakeem |
| author_sort | Adnan Shakeel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nitrogen is one of the most influencing inorganic nutrients for improved plant growth and yield in crops. However, excessive fertilizer application may have adverse impacts on the environment. Therefore, we strive to investigate in this work by examining the impact of different nitrogen (N) doses in the form of urea (46% N) on the growth, yield, photosynthetic pigment content, nitrate reductase activity, carbohydrate content, protein content, and antioxidant enzyme activity of the carrot and beetroot. A pot experiment was conducted under natural conditions with four nitrogen levels as basal treatment (Control = Nil N, U50 = 145.57 mg/kg N; U100 = 291.14 mg/kg N; U150 = 436.71 mg/kg N; U200 = 582.28 mg/kg N). Results found that U150 (436.71 mg/kg N) is the optimum N fertilizer dose at which significant (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) improvements in all the growth, yield and biochemical attributes of carrot and beetroot were observed. However, the further increment in N doses did not affect the observed parameters and, therefore, excessive N level was observed beyond U150 = 436.71 mg/kg N. The principal component analysis presented significant correlations among the various parameters observed. Two principal components account for a total of 98.86% variance (PC1 = 92.96%; PC2 = 5.90%) in carrot and 99.2% variance (PC1 = 92.64; PC = 6.56) in beetroot of the overall data variability in plants supplemented with different N treatments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:06:49Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:06:49Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
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| series | Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj.art-fff063635ef042999070b58c5684e5212023-11-22T06:22:28ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722021-07-0111870410.3390/agriculture11080704Optimizing Nitrogen Application in Root Vegetables from Their Growth, Biochemical and Antioxidant Response to Urea FertilizerAdnan Shakeel0Abrar Ahmad Khan1Hesham F. Alharby2Atif A. Bamagoos3Nadiyah M. Alabdallah4Khalid Rehman Hakeem5Section of Environmental Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, IndiaSection of Environmental Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, IndiaDepartment of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 383, Dammam 31113, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaNitrogen is one of the most influencing inorganic nutrients for improved plant growth and yield in crops. However, excessive fertilizer application may have adverse impacts on the environment. Therefore, we strive to investigate in this work by examining the impact of different nitrogen (N) doses in the form of urea (46% N) on the growth, yield, photosynthetic pigment content, nitrate reductase activity, carbohydrate content, protein content, and antioxidant enzyme activity of the carrot and beetroot. A pot experiment was conducted under natural conditions with four nitrogen levels as basal treatment (Control = Nil N, U50 = 145.57 mg/kg N; U100 = 291.14 mg/kg N; U150 = 436.71 mg/kg N; U200 = 582.28 mg/kg N). Results found that U150 (436.71 mg/kg N) is the optimum N fertilizer dose at which significant (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) improvements in all the growth, yield and biochemical attributes of carrot and beetroot were observed. However, the further increment in N doses did not affect the observed parameters and, therefore, excessive N level was observed beyond U150 = 436.71 mg/kg N. The principal component analysis presented significant correlations among the various parameters observed. Two principal components account for a total of 98.86% variance (PC1 = 92.96%; PC2 = 5.90%) in carrot and 99.2% variance (PC1 = 92.64; PC = 6.56) in beetroot of the overall data variability in plants supplemented with different N treatments.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/8/704beetrootcarrotfertilizernitrate reductaseyield |
| spellingShingle | Adnan Shakeel Abrar Ahmad Khan Hesham F. Alharby Atif A. Bamagoos Nadiyah M. Alabdallah Khalid Rehman Hakeem Optimizing Nitrogen Application in Root Vegetables from Their Growth, Biochemical and Antioxidant Response to Urea Fertilizer Agriculture beetroot carrot fertilizer nitrate reductase yield |
| title | Optimizing Nitrogen Application in Root Vegetables from Their Growth, Biochemical and Antioxidant Response to Urea Fertilizer |
| title_full | Optimizing Nitrogen Application in Root Vegetables from Their Growth, Biochemical and Antioxidant Response to Urea Fertilizer |
| title_fullStr | Optimizing Nitrogen Application in Root Vegetables from Their Growth, Biochemical and Antioxidant Response to Urea Fertilizer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimizing Nitrogen Application in Root Vegetables from Their Growth, Biochemical and Antioxidant Response to Urea Fertilizer |
| title_short | Optimizing Nitrogen Application in Root Vegetables from Their Growth, Biochemical and Antioxidant Response to Urea Fertilizer |
| title_sort | optimizing nitrogen application in root vegetables from their growth biochemical and antioxidant response to urea fertilizer |
| topic | beetroot carrot fertilizer nitrate reductase yield |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/8/704 |
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