Effect of welding consumables on shielded metal arc welded ultra high hard armour steel joints
Materials with high hardness are usually preferred in armour applications and are difficult to weld due to high Carbon Equivalent (C.E). In this investigation, an attempt was made to weld Ultra-high Hard Armour (UHA) steel (having C.E of 0.91) by Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) process using three...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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De Gruyter
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1515/jmbm-2022-0002 |
| _version_ | 1818025177451069440 |
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| author | Kumar Subramani Naveen Balasubramanian Visvalingam Malarvizhi Sudersanan Rahman Abdur Hafeezur Balaguru Vadivel |
| author_facet | Kumar Subramani Naveen Balasubramanian Visvalingam Malarvizhi Sudersanan Rahman Abdur Hafeezur Balaguru Vadivel |
| author_sort | Kumar Subramani Naveen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Materials with high hardness are usually preferred in armour applications and are difficult to weld due to high Carbon Equivalent (C.E). In this investigation, an attempt was made to weld Ultra-high Hard Armour (UHA) steel (having C.E of 0.91) by Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) process using three electrodes (i) austenitic stainless steel (ASS- E307-16), (ii) super duplex stainless steel (SDSS-E2594-16) (iii) low hydrogen ferritic (LHF-E12018M-low-alloy steel electrode). The mechanical properties (tensile, impact toughness, and microhardness) were evaluated and correlated with microstructural features along with Creq/Nieq ratio of weld metal. The joints fabricated using LHF electrodes showed superior strength of 962 MPa and hardness of 341 HV. The joints made using ASS electrode showed superior impact toughness of 72 J and Notch Strength Ratio (NSR) of 1.32 due to the higher energy absorption capability of the austenitic phase. At the weld interface, joints fabricated using ASS and SDSS electrodes show the unmixed zone (UMZ) and martensitic band (MB) due to sudden change of crystal structure (Face Centred Cubic (FCC) / Body Centred Tetragonal (BCT)). It is also found that the strength property increases (651 MPa to 856 MPa) with an increase in Creq/Nieq ratio (1.87 to 3.2) of weld metal and with a decrease in ductility. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T04:11:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fff5a6e35fc64c3394d46c2ab73ac2b7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2191-0243 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T04:11:58Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | De Gruyter |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-fff5a6e35fc64c3394d46c2ab73ac2b72022-12-22T02:02:42ZengDe GruyterJournal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials2191-02432022-01-0131182110.1515/jmbm-2022-0002Effect of welding consumables on shielded metal arc welded ultra high hard armour steel jointsKumar Subramani NaveenBalasubramanian Visvalingam0Malarvizhi Sudersanan1Rahman Abdur Hafeezur2Balaguru Vadivel3Centre for Materials Joining and Research (CEMAJOR), Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Chennai, IndiaCentre for Materials Joining and Research (CEMAJOR), Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Chennai, IndiaMain Battle Tank Division (MBT), Combat Vehicles Research & Development Establishment (CVRDE), DRDO, Avadi, ChennaiIndiaMain Battle Tank Division (MBT), Combat Vehicles Research & Development Establishment (CVRDE), DRDO, Avadi, ChennaiIndiaMaterials with high hardness are usually preferred in armour applications and are difficult to weld due to high Carbon Equivalent (C.E). In this investigation, an attempt was made to weld Ultra-high Hard Armour (UHA) steel (having C.E of 0.91) by Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) process using three electrodes (i) austenitic stainless steel (ASS- E307-16), (ii) super duplex stainless steel (SDSS-E2594-16) (iii) low hydrogen ferritic (LHF-E12018M-low-alloy steel electrode). The mechanical properties (tensile, impact toughness, and microhardness) were evaluated and correlated with microstructural features along with Creq/Nieq ratio of weld metal. The joints fabricated using LHF electrodes showed superior strength of 962 MPa and hardness of 341 HV. The joints made using ASS electrode showed superior impact toughness of 72 J and Notch Strength Ratio (NSR) of 1.32 due to the higher energy absorption capability of the austenitic phase. At the weld interface, joints fabricated using ASS and SDSS electrodes show the unmixed zone (UMZ) and martensitic band (MB) due to sudden change of crystal structure (Face Centred Cubic (FCC) / Body Centred Tetragonal (BCT)). It is also found that the strength property increases (651 MPa to 856 MPa) with an increase in Creq/Nieq ratio (1.87 to 3.2) of weld metal and with a decrease in ductility.https://doi.org/10.1515/jmbm-2022-0002ultra-high hard armour steelshielded metal arc weldingtensile propertiesimpact toughnessmicrohardnessmicrostructure |
| spellingShingle | Kumar Subramani Naveen Balasubramanian Visvalingam Malarvizhi Sudersanan Rahman Abdur Hafeezur Balaguru Vadivel Effect of welding consumables on shielded metal arc welded ultra high hard armour steel joints Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials ultra-high hard armour steel shielded metal arc welding tensile properties impact toughness microhardness microstructure |
| title | Effect of welding consumables on shielded metal arc welded ultra high hard armour steel joints |
| title_full | Effect of welding consumables on shielded metal arc welded ultra high hard armour steel joints |
| title_fullStr | Effect of welding consumables on shielded metal arc welded ultra high hard armour steel joints |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of welding consumables on shielded metal arc welded ultra high hard armour steel joints |
| title_short | Effect of welding consumables on shielded metal arc welded ultra high hard armour steel joints |
| title_sort | effect of welding consumables on shielded metal arc welded ultra high hard armour steel joints |
| topic | ultra-high hard armour steel shielded metal arc welding tensile properties impact toughness microhardness microstructure |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1515/jmbm-2022-0002 |
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