The Transcription of Flagella of Enteropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> O127:H6 Is Activated in Response to Environmental and Nutritional Signals
The flagella of enteropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (EPEC) O127:H6 E2348/69 mediate adherence to host proteins and epithelial cells. What environmental and nutritional signals trigger or down-regulate flagella expression in EPEC are largely unknown. In this study, we analyzed the in...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/4/792 |
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| author | Fabiola Avelino-Flores Jorge Soria-Bustos Zeus Saldaña-Ahuactzi Ygnacio Martínez-Laguna Jorge A. Yañez-Santos María L. Cedillo-Ramírez Jorge A. Girón |
| author_facet | Fabiola Avelino-Flores Jorge Soria-Bustos Zeus Saldaña-Ahuactzi Ygnacio Martínez-Laguna Jorge A. Yañez-Santos María L. Cedillo-Ramírez Jorge A. Girón |
| author_sort | Fabiola Avelino-Flores |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The flagella of enteropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (EPEC) O127:H6 E2348/69 mediate adherence to host proteins and epithelial cells. What environmental and nutritional signals trigger or down-regulate flagella expression in EPEC are largely unknown. In this study, we analyzed the influence of pH, oxygen tension, cationic and anionic salts (including bile salt), carbon and nitrogen sources, and catecholamines on the expression of the flagellin gene (<i>fliC)</i> of E2348/69. We found that sodium bicarbonate, which has been shown to induce the expression of type III secretion effectors, down-regulated flagella expression, explaining why E2348/69 shows reduced motility and flagellation when growing in Dulbecco’s Minimal Essential Medium (DMEM). Further, growth under a 5% carbon dioxide atmosphere, in DMEM adjusted to pH 8.2, in M9 minimal medium supplemented with 80 mM glucose or sucrose, and in DMEM containing 150 mM sodium chloride, 0.1% sodium deoxycholate, or 30 µM epinephrine significantly enhanced <i>fliC</i> transcription to different levels in comparison to growth in DMEM alone. When EPEC was grown in the presence of HeLa cells or in supernatants of cultured HeLa cells, high levels (4-fold increase) of <i>fliC</i> transcription were detected in comparison to growth in DMEM alone. Our data suggest that nutritional and host signals that EPEC may encounter in the intestinal niche activate <i>fliC</i> expression in order to favor motility and host colonization. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:31:40Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:31:40Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-fff7d22b3a4341fcb0e1b9e954baf2782023-12-01T21:15:19ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072022-04-0110479210.3390/microorganisms10040792The Transcription of Flagella of Enteropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> O127:H6 Is Activated in Response to Environmental and Nutritional SignalsFabiola Avelino-Flores0Jorge Soria-Bustos1Zeus Saldaña-Ahuactzi2Ygnacio Martínez-Laguna3Jorge A. Yañez-Santos4María L. Cedillo-Ramírez5Jorge A. Girón6Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, MexicoInstituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca 42160, MexicoPaul G. Allen School for Global Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USACentro de Investigación en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, MexicoFacultad de Estomatología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72410, MexicoCentro de Detección Biomolecular, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72592, MexicoCentro de Detección Biomolecular, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72592, MexicoThe flagella of enteropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (EPEC) O127:H6 E2348/69 mediate adherence to host proteins and epithelial cells. What environmental and nutritional signals trigger or down-regulate flagella expression in EPEC are largely unknown. In this study, we analyzed the influence of pH, oxygen tension, cationic and anionic salts (including bile salt), carbon and nitrogen sources, and catecholamines on the expression of the flagellin gene (<i>fliC)</i> of E2348/69. We found that sodium bicarbonate, which has been shown to induce the expression of type III secretion effectors, down-regulated flagella expression, explaining why E2348/69 shows reduced motility and flagellation when growing in Dulbecco’s Minimal Essential Medium (DMEM). Further, growth under a 5% carbon dioxide atmosphere, in DMEM adjusted to pH 8.2, in M9 minimal medium supplemented with 80 mM glucose or sucrose, and in DMEM containing 150 mM sodium chloride, 0.1% sodium deoxycholate, or 30 µM epinephrine significantly enhanced <i>fliC</i> transcription to different levels in comparison to growth in DMEM alone. When EPEC was grown in the presence of HeLa cells or in supernatants of cultured HeLa cells, high levels (4-fold increase) of <i>fliC</i> transcription were detected in comparison to growth in DMEM alone. Our data suggest that nutritional and host signals that EPEC may encounter in the intestinal niche activate <i>fliC</i> expression in order to favor motility and host colonization.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/4/792flagellaenteropathogenic<i>Escherichia coli</i>gut mucosavirulence |
| spellingShingle | Fabiola Avelino-Flores Jorge Soria-Bustos Zeus Saldaña-Ahuactzi Ygnacio Martínez-Laguna Jorge A. Yañez-Santos María L. Cedillo-Ramírez Jorge A. Girón The Transcription of Flagella of Enteropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> O127:H6 Is Activated in Response to Environmental and Nutritional Signals Microorganisms flagella enteropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> gut mucosa virulence |
| title | The Transcription of Flagella of Enteropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> O127:H6 Is Activated in Response to Environmental and Nutritional Signals |
| title_full | The Transcription of Flagella of Enteropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> O127:H6 Is Activated in Response to Environmental and Nutritional Signals |
| title_fullStr | The Transcription of Flagella of Enteropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> O127:H6 Is Activated in Response to Environmental and Nutritional Signals |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Transcription of Flagella of Enteropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> O127:H6 Is Activated in Response to Environmental and Nutritional Signals |
| title_short | The Transcription of Flagella of Enteropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> O127:H6 Is Activated in Response to Environmental and Nutritional Signals |
| title_sort | transcription of flagella of enteropathogenic i escherichia coli i o127 h6 is activated in response to environmental and nutritional signals |
| topic | flagella enteropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> gut mucosa virulence |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/4/792 |
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