Comparison of Size Distribution of Fish Obtained from Gill Netting and the Distributions of Echoes from Hydroacoustics in Lake Dejguny (Poland)
A procedure is proposed to assess the impact of various relationships found in the literature and is used to convert acoustic target strengths (<i>TS</i>) to fishes’ total length (<i>TL</i>) with respect to the compatibility of fish length data obtained from vertical hydroaco...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/6/1117 |
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| author | Andrzej Hutorowicz Dariusz Ulikowski Jacek Tunowski |
| author_facet | Andrzej Hutorowicz Dariusz Ulikowski Jacek Tunowski |
| author_sort | Andrzej Hutorowicz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A procedure is proposed to assess the impact of various relationships found in the literature and is used to convert acoustic target strengths (<i>TS</i>) to fishes’ total length (<i>TL</i>) with respect to the compatibility of fish length data obtained from vertical hydroacoustics and gillnets. The study used one set of data collected with a 120 kHz echosounder across the mesotrophic, dimictic Lake Dejguny. Four general multi-species <i>TS</i>–<i>TL</i> relationships were tested for the maximum dorsoventral characteristic: (1) a relationship developed using mainly West Atlantic marine and brackish water fish for various frequencies, (2) a relationship developed using fish from the Salmonidae, Percidae, and Cyprinidae families at 120 kHz, as well as the relationship shown by two generalized equations for representatives of (3) the Cyprinidae family (200 kHz) and (4) the Percidae family (200 kHz). In addition, two other equations were developed for (5) perch (<i>Perca fluviatilis</i>) and (6) roach (<i>Rutilus rutilus</i>). The procedure for selecting the most appropriate <i>TS</i>–<i>TL</i> ratio began by determining the TS threshold that would eliminate small fish that were ineffectively caught with gillnets. Depending on the <i>TS</i>–<i>TL</i> relation, the threshold ranged from −48.5 dB to −45.5 dB, and the corresponding <i>TL</i> was in the range of 62.3–93.0 mm. Then, using linear regression, the relationship between the percentage of caught fish organized in length classes (<i>TL</i>), whose boundaries were determined using the tested <i>TS</i>–<i>TL</i> relationships, and the share of fish recorded acoustically in the corresponding <i>TS</i> classes (with a 1.5 dB interval) was examined. The fit of the regression model to the data (percentage) was assessed using the coefficient of determination <i>r<sup>2</sup></i>, the mean absolute error (<i>MAE</i>), the Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (<i>NSE</i>), and root mean square error (<i>RMSE</i>). For the data from Lake Dejguny, the most similar distribution of fish echo proportions and the corresponding distribution of total length (<i>TL</i>) for fish larger than 62 mm were obtained using the <i>TS</i>–<i>TL</i> relation developed using fish from the Salmonidae, Percidae, and Cyprinidae families (2), and for fish larger than 74 mm, the relation was developed for the family Pericidae (4). No evidence was found to unambiguously verify the meanings of different sound frequencies (120 and 200 kHz) for which the <i>TS</i>–<i>TL</i> relationships used in the analysis were derived. The proposed procedure can be used to select the optimal regression equation. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-fff814e2459d4e44b92413786f1102482023-11-17T14:26:42ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412023-03-01156111710.3390/w15061117Comparison of Size Distribution of Fish Obtained from Gill Netting and the Distributions of Echoes from Hydroacoustics in Lake Dejguny (Poland)Andrzej Hutorowicz0Dariusz Ulikowski1Jacek Tunowski2Hydroacoustic Laboratory, National Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Oczapowskiego 10, 10-719 Olsztyn, PolandDepartment of Lake Fisheries, National Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Rajska 2, 11-500 Giżycko, PolandHydroacoustic Laboratory, National Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Oczapowskiego 10, 10-719 Olsztyn, PolandA procedure is proposed to assess the impact of various relationships found in the literature and is used to convert acoustic target strengths (<i>TS</i>) to fishes’ total length (<i>TL</i>) with respect to the compatibility of fish length data obtained from vertical hydroacoustics and gillnets. The study used one set of data collected with a 120 kHz echosounder across the mesotrophic, dimictic Lake Dejguny. Four general multi-species <i>TS</i>–<i>TL</i> relationships were tested for the maximum dorsoventral characteristic: (1) a relationship developed using mainly West Atlantic marine and brackish water fish for various frequencies, (2) a relationship developed using fish from the Salmonidae, Percidae, and Cyprinidae families at 120 kHz, as well as the relationship shown by two generalized equations for representatives of (3) the Cyprinidae family (200 kHz) and (4) the Percidae family (200 kHz). In addition, two other equations were developed for (5) perch (<i>Perca fluviatilis</i>) and (6) roach (<i>Rutilus rutilus</i>). The procedure for selecting the most appropriate <i>TS</i>–<i>TL</i> ratio began by determining the TS threshold that would eliminate small fish that were ineffectively caught with gillnets. Depending on the <i>TS</i>–<i>TL</i> relation, the threshold ranged from −48.5 dB to −45.5 dB, and the corresponding <i>TL</i> was in the range of 62.3–93.0 mm. Then, using linear regression, the relationship between the percentage of caught fish organized in length classes (<i>TL</i>), whose boundaries were determined using the tested <i>TS</i>–<i>TL</i> relationships, and the share of fish recorded acoustically in the corresponding <i>TS</i> classes (with a 1.5 dB interval) was examined. The fit of the regression model to the data (percentage) was assessed using the coefficient of determination <i>r<sup>2</sup></i>, the mean absolute error (<i>MAE</i>), the Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (<i>NSE</i>), and root mean square error (<i>RMSE</i>). For the data from Lake Dejguny, the most similar distribution of fish echo proportions and the corresponding distribution of total length (<i>TL</i>) for fish larger than 62 mm were obtained using the <i>TS</i>–<i>TL</i> relation developed using fish from the Salmonidae, Percidae, and Cyprinidae families (2), and for fish larger than 74 mm, the relation was developed for the family Pericidae (4). No evidence was found to unambiguously verify the meanings of different sound frequencies (120 and 200 kHz) for which the <i>TS</i>–<i>TL</i> relationships used in the analysis were derived. The proposed procedure can be used to select the optimal regression equation.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/6/1117fish lengthsize spectrahydroacousticsCEN standard gillnet |
| spellingShingle | Andrzej Hutorowicz Dariusz Ulikowski Jacek Tunowski Comparison of Size Distribution of Fish Obtained from Gill Netting and the Distributions of Echoes from Hydroacoustics in Lake Dejguny (Poland) Water fish length size spectra hydroacoustics CEN standard gillnet |
| title | Comparison of Size Distribution of Fish Obtained from Gill Netting and the Distributions of Echoes from Hydroacoustics in Lake Dejguny (Poland) |
| title_full | Comparison of Size Distribution of Fish Obtained from Gill Netting and the Distributions of Echoes from Hydroacoustics in Lake Dejguny (Poland) |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of Size Distribution of Fish Obtained from Gill Netting and the Distributions of Echoes from Hydroacoustics in Lake Dejguny (Poland) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of Size Distribution of Fish Obtained from Gill Netting and the Distributions of Echoes from Hydroacoustics in Lake Dejguny (Poland) |
| title_short | Comparison of Size Distribution of Fish Obtained from Gill Netting and the Distributions of Echoes from Hydroacoustics in Lake Dejguny (Poland) |
| title_sort | comparison of size distribution of fish obtained from gill netting and the distributions of echoes from hydroacoustics in lake dejguny poland |
| topic | fish length size spectra hydroacoustics CEN standard gillnet |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/6/1117 |
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