A single, episodic event of unilateral/bilateral scrotal swelling in a group of adult boars at an Austrian boar stud
Abstract Background Scrotal swelling is a clinical situation which can be caused by different aetiologies. In this case report, we describe a multi-week episode of unilateral and bilateral scrotal swelling in boars at an Austrian boar stud and its diagnostic work-up. Case presentation In the summer...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Porcine Health Management |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40813-023-00313-1 |
| _version_ | 1827899584577273856 |
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| author | Lukas Schwarz Sophie Dürlinger Vera Martin Herbert Weißenböck Rene Brunthaler Till Rümenapf Angelika Auer Igor Loncaric Irene Zimpernik Nicole Reisinger Bettina Behler-Wöchtl Dragos Scarlet Gary Althouse Chris Kuster Johannes Kauffold Joaquim Segales Martine Laitat Pierre Thilmant Alexander Grahofer Andrea Ladinig |
| author_facet | Lukas Schwarz Sophie Dürlinger Vera Martin Herbert Weißenböck Rene Brunthaler Till Rümenapf Angelika Auer Igor Loncaric Irene Zimpernik Nicole Reisinger Bettina Behler-Wöchtl Dragos Scarlet Gary Althouse Chris Kuster Johannes Kauffold Joaquim Segales Martine Laitat Pierre Thilmant Alexander Grahofer Andrea Ladinig |
| author_sort | Lukas Schwarz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Scrotal swelling is a clinical situation which can be caused by different aetiologies. In this case report, we describe a multi-week episode of unilateral and bilateral scrotal swelling in boars at an Austrian boar stud and its diagnostic work-up. Case presentation In the summer of 2020, the herd veterinarian of an Austrian boar stud reported that over a period of six weeks, five out of 70 boars presented with unilateral severe swelling of the left scrotum and three out of 70 boars with bilateral severe swelling of the left and moderate swelling of the right scrotum, respectively. A complete history was obtained and an on-site evaluation of the facility was done. Five boars were necropsied, and a variety of samples harvested for further diagnostic investigations. Infectious differential diagnoses associated with unilateral swelling of the scrotum or the testis were excluded through serological and tissue testing. In three of the five boars, histopathology revealed complete acute haemorrhagic necrosis of the left testis concurrent with strongly congested blood vessels. Review of the collected information with a group of experts in the field of boar stud management resulted with consensus that, most likely, trauma was the etiologic event causing the clinical signs and pathology. Coincident with discussion of implementing video recording cameras in the boar housing area, no further clinical cases followed. As this case occurred during the first lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic, we propose that the distress and travelling restrictions may have contributed to frustration among boar stud workers, which was consequently expressed as misbehaviour against boars. Conclusions Once all known infectious causes of unilateral swelling of the scrotum were excluded, a critical diagnostic work-up focused on non-infectious causes. Non-infectious causes, such as trauma, need to be carefully evaluated, as it may also include human misbehaviour against boars. Summarizing all findings of this case report, the authors hypothesize that a blunt trauma was the reason for the series of mainly unilateral swelling of the scrota of boars. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T23:19:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fff9ecc71db146bb956cd74a14b177b9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2055-5660 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T23:19:53Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Porcine Health Management |
| spelling | doaj.art-fff9ecc71db146bb956cd74a14b177b92023-07-16T11:31:39ZengBMCPorcine Health Management2055-56602023-07-019111010.1186/s40813-023-00313-1A single, episodic event of unilateral/bilateral scrotal swelling in a group of adult boars at an Austrian boar studLukas Schwarz0Sophie Dürlinger1Vera Martin2Herbert Weißenböck3Rene Brunthaler4Till Rümenapf5Angelika Auer6Igor Loncaric7Irene Zimpernik8Nicole Reisinger9Bettina Behler-Wöchtl10Dragos Scarlet11Gary Althouse12Chris Kuster13Johannes Kauffold14Joaquim Segales15Martine Laitat16Pierre Thilmant17Alexander Grahofer18Andrea Ladinig19 Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University Clinic for Swine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University Clinic for Swine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University Clinic for Swine, University of Veterinary Medicine ViennaDepartment of Pathobiology, Institute of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine ViennaDepartment of Pathobiology, Institute of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine ViennaDepartment of Pathobiology, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine ViennaDepartment of Pathobiology, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine ViennaDepartment of Pathobiology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine ViennaAustrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Institute for Veterinary Disease ControlDSM Austria GmbHDSM, BIOMIN Research CenterObstetrics, Gynaecology and Andrology, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine ViennaDepartment of Clinical Studies-New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaKuster Research and Consulting, Inc.University of LeipzigUnitat Mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), and Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)Clinic for Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of LiègeCentre d’Insémination Artificielle Porcin (CIAP)Clinic for Swine, Department for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University Clinic for Swine, University of Veterinary Medicine ViennaAbstract Background Scrotal swelling is a clinical situation which can be caused by different aetiologies. In this case report, we describe a multi-week episode of unilateral and bilateral scrotal swelling in boars at an Austrian boar stud and its diagnostic work-up. Case presentation In the summer of 2020, the herd veterinarian of an Austrian boar stud reported that over a period of six weeks, five out of 70 boars presented with unilateral severe swelling of the left scrotum and three out of 70 boars with bilateral severe swelling of the left and moderate swelling of the right scrotum, respectively. A complete history was obtained and an on-site evaluation of the facility was done. Five boars were necropsied, and a variety of samples harvested for further diagnostic investigations. Infectious differential diagnoses associated with unilateral swelling of the scrotum or the testis were excluded through serological and tissue testing. In three of the five boars, histopathology revealed complete acute haemorrhagic necrosis of the left testis concurrent with strongly congested blood vessels. Review of the collected information with a group of experts in the field of boar stud management resulted with consensus that, most likely, trauma was the etiologic event causing the clinical signs and pathology. Coincident with discussion of implementing video recording cameras in the boar housing area, no further clinical cases followed. As this case occurred during the first lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic, we propose that the distress and travelling restrictions may have contributed to frustration among boar stud workers, which was consequently expressed as misbehaviour against boars. Conclusions Once all known infectious causes of unilateral swelling of the scrotum were excluded, a critical diagnostic work-up focused on non-infectious causes. Non-infectious causes, such as trauma, need to be carefully evaluated, as it may also include human misbehaviour against boars. Summarizing all findings of this case report, the authors hypothesize that a blunt trauma was the reason for the series of mainly unilateral swelling of the scrota of boars.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40813-023-00313-1Scrotal enlargementOrchitisScrotal swellingSwineBoar |
| spellingShingle | Lukas Schwarz Sophie Dürlinger Vera Martin Herbert Weißenböck Rene Brunthaler Till Rümenapf Angelika Auer Igor Loncaric Irene Zimpernik Nicole Reisinger Bettina Behler-Wöchtl Dragos Scarlet Gary Althouse Chris Kuster Johannes Kauffold Joaquim Segales Martine Laitat Pierre Thilmant Alexander Grahofer Andrea Ladinig A single, episodic event of unilateral/bilateral scrotal swelling in a group of adult boars at an Austrian boar stud Porcine Health Management Scrotal enlargement Orchitis Scrotal swelling Swine Boar |
| title | A single, episodic event of unilateral/bilateral scrotal swelling in a group of adult boars at an Austrian boar stud |
| title_full | A single, episodic event of unilateral/bilateral scrotal swelling in a group of adult boars at an Austrian boar stud |
| title_fullStr | A single, episodic event of unilateral/bilateral scrotal swelling in a group of adult boars at an Austrian boar stud |
| title_full_unstemmed | A single, episodic event of unilateral/bilateral scrotal swelling in a group of adult boars at an Austrian boar stud |
| title_short | A single, episodic event of unilateral/bilateral scrotal swelling in a group of adult boars at an Austrian boar stud |
| title_sort | single episodic event of unilateral bilateral scrotal swelling in a group of adult boars at an austrian boar stud |
| topic | Scrotal enlargement Orchitis Scrotal swelling Swine Boar |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40813-023-00313-1 |
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